This paper gives first a short overview of some basics of blast wave propagation and blast wave reflection. The reflected overpressure-time history, which is the design load, depends on the shape and geometry of the structures where the blast wave is reflected. It presents some shape studies which show the influence of shaping on the explosion design load. These shape studies include horizontal shapes (e.g. cross section of columns), vertical shapes (e.g. facades) and spatial shapes of buildings. The paper further shows that shrub plantings reduce blast loads. It also discusses the use of flexible materials and constructions and the influence of the urban situation on the design.
Terroristische Angriffe richteten sich in der Vergangenheit verstärkt gegen sogenannte weiche Ziele. Somit ist es erforderlich, die Bedrohungen zu analysieren und “öffentliche Räume“, die nicht den kritischen Infrastrukturen zugerechnet werden, zu schützen. Aus den Szenarien ergeben sich konkrete Bedrohungen, z. B. aus Explosion, Anprall und dem Herumfliegen von festen Teilen. Öffentliche Räume sollen durch Elemente geschützt werden, die von der Bevölkerung nicht als Schutzelemente wahrgenommen werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt architektonisch attraktive bauliche Schutzmaßnahmen und intelligente Planungen der Landschaftsarchitektur zum Schutz von öffentlichen Räumen. Der Aufsatz ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Steigerung der Sicherheit im urbanen Umfeld vor möglichen terroristischen Bedrohungen.Safety from terrorist threats in public spaces by attractive constructional solutions. Terrorist attacks were increasingly directed against so‐called soft targets in the past. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the threats and to protect “public spaces” that are not attributed to the critical infrastructure. Specific threats e.g. explosions, vehicle impact and impact of flying debris, arise from various scenarios. Public spaces are to be protected by elements that are not perceived by the population as protective elements. This paper describes architectural attractive constructional protective measures and intelligent design of landscape architecture for the protection of public spaces. The paper is an important contribution to the enhancement of safety against terrorist threats in urban environment.
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