This research was mainly focused on the evaluation of path planning approaches as a prerequisite for the automation of bale collection operations. A comparison between a traditional bale collection path planning approach using traditional vehicles such as tractors, and loaders with an optimized path planning approach using a new autonomous articulated concept vehicle with neighborhood reach capabilities (AVN) was carried out. Furthermore, the effects of carrying capacity on a reduction in the working distance of the bale collection operation was also studied. It was concluded that the optimized path planning approach using AVN with increased carrying capacity significantly reduced the working distance for the bale collection operation and can thus improve agricultural sustainability, particularly within forage handling.
In metal forming operations the stress and strain levels can locally reach much higher magnitudes than those measurable in a standardised uniaxial tension test. Additionally, the stress and strain states are in many cases multi-axial. In this paper an inverse method to obtain material data is proposed. The aim is to yield more accurate data for a wider range of strain compared to a standard uniaxial tensile test. The outline of the work is that a forming experiment is designed to reproduce tensile strains present in a full-scale cold forming process. The blanks used are made of relatively thick high strength hot-rolled steel. Process data from experiments, i.e. punch force and punch displacement, are used as input to an in-house optimisation software package. The direct problem solved in the inverse modelling and optimisation scheme is a finite element analysis (FEA) of the experiment. The goal is to find parameters in a constitutive model of the material that minimises the difference between experimental and FE-calculated data. The experiments are modelled in a commercial FE software. Four different isotropic hardening laws are used in the FE-model. One of the optimised models is applied in a forming simulation and geometric optimisation of a demonstrator part.
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