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A strong inverse relationship between per capita assistance and population of aid-receiving countries is found in an examination of Canadian bilateral foreign aid to 33 countries over the period 1982-92. However, the middle-income bias present in aid allocation of some other countries is not found in the case of Canada. Instead, there is a bias associated with the recipient's membership to the Commonwealth.

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This paper presents new evidence on the nature of German bilateral foreign aid allocations. In particular, the paper focuses on the question of whether there are population and middle-income biases present in the disbursement of German assistance. Using data on German bilateral aid to 85 countries from 1973 to 1995 evidence supporting existence of a population bias is found, but no evidence is found of a middle-income bias. A bias, however, associated with a recipient's coverage under the Lome Convention is found.