Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re‐extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life‐cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.

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The significant uncertainties associated\ud with the (eco)toxicological risks of engineered nanomaterials\ud pose challenges to the development of nanoenabled\ud products toward greatest possible societal\ud benefit. This paper argues for the use of risk governance\ud approaches to manage nanotechnology risks and\ud sustainability, and considers the links between these\ud concepts. Further, seven risk assessment and management\ud criteria relevant to risk governance are defined:\ud (a) life cycle thinking, (b) triple bottom line, (c) inclusion\ud of stakeholders, (d) risk management, (e) benefit–\ud risk assessment, (f) consideration of uncertainty, and (g) adaptive response. These criteria are used to\ud compare five well-developed nanotechnology frameworks:\ud International Risk Governance Council framework,\ud Comprehensive Environmental Assessment,\ud Streaming Life Cycle Risk Assessment, Certifiable\ud Nanospecific Risk Management and Monitoring System\ud and LICARA NanoSCAN. A Sustainable Nanotechnology\ud Decision Support System (SUNDS) is\ud proposed to better address current nanotechnology risk\ud assessment and management needs, and makes.\ud Stakeholder needs were solicited for further SUNDS\ud enhancement through a stakeholder workshop that\ud included representatives from regulatory, industry and\ud insurance sectors. Workshop participants expressed\ud the need for the wider adoption of sustainability\ud assessment methods and tools for designing greener\ud nanomaterials

Das Vergrößern des Recyclingstroms erfordert einen neuen Ansatz, der über das Schmelzen und Umformen hinausgeht. Es gibt einige Techniken des chemischen Recyclings mit dem Potential, bestehende Recyclingmöglichkeiten zu ergänzen. In diesem Aufsatz sind die Methoden des chemischen Recyclings dargestellt und anhand einer Ökobilanz bewertet, ergänzt durch eine Aufzählung von Prozessen und Firmen in diesem Bereich. Wir zeigen, dass bestimmte Techniken besonders für spezifische Müllströme geeignet sind und dass nur eine Kombination aus den vorhandenen Methoden geeignet ist, das Kunststoffmüllproblem zu lösen. Aktuelle Forschung sollte realistischeren und weniger reinen Mischströmen größere Aufmerksamkeit widmen, während Trenn‐ und Sortierprozesse z. B. durch effektivere Regularien verbessert werden müssen. Dieser Aufsatz soll zur Entwicklung von Verfahren inspirieren, mit denen hochwertige Produkte hergestellt werden können, die die Kreislaufwirtschaft antreiben, indem sie nötige Wirtschaftsanreize und Erleichterungen für die Umwelt bieten.