This article gives an overview of the nursing ethics arguments on euthanasia in general, and on nurses' involvement in euthanasia in particular, through an argument-based literature review. An in-depth study of these arguments in this literature will enable nurses to engage in the euthanasia debate. We critically appraised 41 publications published between January 1987 and June 2007. Nursing ethics arguments on (nurses' involvement in) euthanasia are guided primarily by the principles of respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice. Ethical arguments related to the nursing profession are described. From a care perspective, we discuss arguments that evaluate to what degree euthanasia can be considered positively or negatively as a form of good nursing care. Most arguments in the principle-, profession- and care-orientated approaches to nursing ethics are used both pro and contra euthanasia in general, and nurses' involvement in euthanasia in particular.
This article focuses on the years immediately following the introduction of the bull Unigenitus (1713), which condemned 101 propositions extracted from Quesnel's Réflexions morales. At that time, ultramontanist principles were gaining more and more strength at the Theology Faculty of Louvain. On 8 July 1715, the Faculty accepted and submitted itself to Unigenitus for the first time. The Faculty again accepted the bull in 1718 and 1719. The origins of these declarations of obedience to the Holy See are the focus of study here. The research presented highlights the intricacies and the high public profile of academic and ecclesiastical politics in the confessional age.
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