No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Antibiotic prescription is a common practice among dental practitioners. Unjustified antibiotic prescription is leading to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, conditions in which antibiotics are being prescribed, either the dental surgeons prescribe the antibiotics in the conditions where they are not recommended and awareness of antibiotic resistance among the dental practitioners of Lahore. METHODOLOGY: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of unjustified prescription of antibiotics so we can take measures to teach dental students about this wrong and unjustified prescription in undergraduate studies. It was an observational crosssectional study. Among dental practitioners of Lahore, 380 were selected through a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Standardized; a previously validated questionnaire was used containing 18 questions, about the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, conditions where antibiotics are indicated, and antibiotic resistance. Data was coded in SPSS version 20. RESULTS: It showed the studied sample of dental practitioners tends towards the over-prescription of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Dentists should prescribe antibiotics only according to the latest guidelines, where it is indicated. It should not be a first-line treatment modality.

No abstract

Chromium is well-thought-out heavy metal which is one of the enormously lethal due to its cancer-causing nature. In this study, iron oxide is used as adsorbent for chromate removal from aqueous solution as a function of pH, time, temperature, concentration of adsorbate and media dosage. The influence of pH on Cr (VI) sorption by iron oxide reveals that adsorption is significantly increased as pH is decreased from 8 to 2. The sorption rate is detected to be higher in the beginning and then it remains constant after 120 min of equilibrium time. The removal of Cr (VI) is found to be greater at higher temperature, which confirms the endothermic nature of Cr (VI) adsorption by iron oxide. Whereas, the kinetic investigations confirm that the chromate adsorption follows the pseudo second order with kinetic energy in the range of 8.4–83.7 kJ mol−1.