BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, and while its etiology is polygenic, the role of environmental contaminant exposure in T2DM pathogenesis is of increasing importance. However, the evidence presented in systematic reviews on the relationship between cadmium exposure and T2DM development is inconsistent. This overview aims to assess existing evidence from systematic reviews linking cadmium exposure to T2DM and select metabolic disorders in humans.MethodsSearches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, GEOBASE, BIOSIS Previews, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers (J.H and S.T.) will independently complete screening, data abstraction, risk of bias evaluation, and quality assessment. The primary outcome will be the association between cadmium exposure and T2DM prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include prediabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We will perform a meta-analysis if two or more studies assess similar populations, utilize analogous methods, have related study designs, and evaluate similar outcomes.DiscussionThis overview will assess current evidence from systematic reviews for the association between cadmium exposure and risk of T2DM and other metabolic morbidities. This overview may be helpful for policy-makers and healthcare teams aiming to mitigate T2DM risk in populations at risk of cadmium exposure.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019125956
This collection of short essays utilizes a narrative approach to present the RISE framework, with four pillars centered on promoting student Resilience, Identity, Strength in Scholarship and Empowerment. Each short essay aims to draw attention to the spectrum of challenges that students currently face during their higher education journeys in Canada and what innovative solutions have been or could be implemented to address these adversities in accordance with RISE. The application of the framework to evaluate and reorient learning environments in Canadian higher education holds immense potential to help all students grow as collaborative thinkers, partners, and leaders that will leave academic settings well prepared for their life as leaders in their community. Dans cet article qui rassemble de courts essais, nous utilisons une approche narrative pour présenter le cadre RISE en l’appuyant sur quatre piliers permettant de promouvoir la Résilience, l’Identité, la Solidité universitaire et l’Émancipation. Chacun des courts essais vise à mettre en relief, d’une part, l’éventail des défis auxquels les étudiants font face actuellement dans l’enseignement supérieur au Canada et, d’autre part, les solutions novatrices qui ont été mises en œuvre – ou qui pourraient l’être – pour s’attaquer à ces difficultés dans le contexte de RISE. L’application de ce cadre dans l’examen et la reconfiguration des environnements d’apprentissage de l’enseignement supérieur au Canada est pleine de promesses. Voilà qui pourrait aider tous les étudiants à devenir des penseurs collaboratifs, des partenaires et des leaders qui, lorsqu’ils quitteront l’université, seront prêts à agir comme des chefs de file de leur communauté.
This article is designed to inspire youth to pursue their dreams. Spoken from a first person narrative, Tonya-Leah Watts highlights her time at the Summer Mentorship Program (SMP) at the University of Toronto, her experience of being featured in a documentary series, and her research internship as a part of the Student Advancement Research (StAR) Program at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids). During her time at SMP in the summer of 2014, Tonya-Leah participated in various talks and activities that were designed to prepare her for post-secondary education. She also had the opportunity to shadow a dermatologist and write a review paper on type-2 diabetes mellitus among Aboriginal populations in Canada. Later that summer she was featured on a show called Dream Big in which she had another opportunity to shadow a dermatologist. The research skills that she acquired from SMP combined with her newly gained inspiration from the Dream Big experience helped her get a research internship at SickKids for the summer of 2015. During her time there, she learned various techniques and concepts while contributing to three studies at the hospital. The purpose of this article is to encourage youth to take control of their future.Cet article est conçu pour inspirer les jeunes à poursuivre leurs rêves. Écrit à la première personne, Tonya-Leah Watts souligne son temps à la Programme de mentorat d'été (SMP, Summer Mentorship Program) à l'Université de Toronto, son expérience d'être dans une série documentaire et son stage de recherche comme partie du Programme de recherche pour l'avancement des étudiants (StAR, Student Advancement Research Program) à l'Hôpital pour les enfants malades (SickKids, Hospital for Sick Children). Durant son temps à la SMP durant l'été 2014, Tonya-Leah a participé en diverses activités conçus pour la préparer pour l'éducation post-secondaire. Elle a aussi eu l'occasion de suivre un dermatologue et d'écrire une revue sur le diabète sucré de type II parmi les populations aborigènes au Canada. Plus tard cet été elle a été présentée sur une émission appelée Dream Big dans laquelle elle a eu une autre occasion de suivre un dermatologue. Les habiletés de recherche qu'elle a acquise de SMP, combiné avec son inspiration récemment acquise de l'expérience Dream Big, l'a aidé à obtenir un stage à SickKids pour l'été de 2015. Durant son temps à SickKids, elle a appris des diverses techniques et concepts tout en contribuant à trois études à l'hôpital. L'objet de cet article est d'encourager les jeunes de prendre contrôle de leur futur.
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