Recent work by McAuley et al. (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 3222-3233, 2020) using the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) paradigm with a multitalker background revealed that altering the natural rhythm of target speech amidst background speech worsens target recognition (a target-rhythm effect), while altering background speech rhythm improves target recognition (a background-rhythm effect). Here, we used a single-talker background to examine the role of specific properties of target and background sound patterns on selective listening without the complexity of multiple background stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated the sex of the background talker, presented with a male target talker, to assess target and backgroundrhythm effects with and without a strong pitch cue to aid perceptual segregation. Experiment 2 used a vocoded single-talker background to examine target and background-rhythm effects with envelope-based speech rhythms preserved, but without semantic content or temporal fine structure. While a target-rhythm effect was present with all backgrounds, the backgroundrhythm effect was only observed for the same-sex background condition. Results provide additional support for a selective entrainment hypothesis, while also showing that the background-rhythm effect is not driven by envelope-based speech rhythm alone, and may be reduced or eliminated when pitch or other acoustic differences provide a strong basis for selective listening.
Recognition of target keywords in CRM sentences in the presence of competing CRM sentences has been shown to depend upon both the rhythmic context of target and background speech and F0 differences between target and background speakers. The present study investigated the role of the relative timing of target and background keywords for background keywords that were presented either in isolation (Experiment 1) or embedded within their associated background context (Experiment 2) for target and background material that was spoken by the same male talker. In Experiment 1, onset asynchrony of target and background keywords varied between –200 ms and 200 ms. Results showed an asymmetric U-shaped performance curve where (1) target recognition improved with increasing deviation of background keywords from the expected onset timing of target keywords and (2) target words were better recognized when they began before background keywords compared to when they began after. In Experiment 2, where background keywords were embedded within their original CRM context, performance was reduced to chance for both an intact background rhythm condition and a range of altered background rhythm conditions. Results will be discussed in terms of a selective entrainment hypothesis and the role of F0 differences in speech segregation.
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