A cellulose nanofibril-based flame
retardant has been developed
by phosphorylation of cellulose with P2O5, promoted
by ball milling and followed by treatment with melamine. The width
of cellulose nanofibrils obtained through a combination of chemical
and mechanical action was 1.2–4.8 nm. Phosphorylated cellulose
nanofibril was combined with melamine through ionic bonding and added
to bamboo pulp paper to improve flame retardancy. The flame retardancy
of the paper loaded with the cellulose nanofibril-based flame retardant
increased with increasing content. The limiting oxygen index was 30%
for 30 wt % retardant-loaded paper, and the peak heat release rate
was 62.8% lower than that of the control. The paper showed remarkable
self-extinguishing behavior. The dry and wet tensile strengths of
the paper loaded with the cellulose nanofibril-based flame retardant
were also enhanced.
Chitin
nanofibril-based flame retardant was developed by disintegrating
chitin by ball-mill, followed by phosphorylation with P2O5. The combustion performance of the paper loaded with
the product was evaluated by a microcombustion calorimeter, limiting
oxygen index (LOI), and flammability test; paper loaded with 30% retardant
gave LOI of 30%, peak heat release rate 62% lower than the control
paper, and self-extinguishing behavior with no afterglow. The dry
and wet tensile strength were also enhanced by retardant loading.
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