The geomagnetic survey at 135 stations in China were carried out in 2003. These stations are with better environmental condition and small magnetic field gradient (<5 nT/m). In the field survey, the geomagnetic declination D, the inclination I and the total intensity F were measured. Ashtech ProMark2 differential GPS (Global Positioning System) was used in measuring the azimuth, the longitude, the latitude and the elevation at these stations. The accuracy of the azimuth is 0.1 . The geomagnetic survey data were reduced using the data at geomagnetic observatories in China. The mean standard deviations of the geomagnetic reduced values are: <1.5 nT for F, <0.5 for D and I . Using the geomagnetic data which include the data at 135 stations and 35 observatories in China, and the data at 38 IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) calculation points in China's adjacent regions, the Taylor polynomial model and the spherical cap harmonic model were calculated for the geomagnetic field in China. The truncation order of the Taylor polynomial model is 5, and its original point is at 36.0• N and 104.5• E. Based on the geomagnetic anomalous values and using the method of spherical cap harmonic (SCH) analysis , the SCH model of the geomagnetic anomalous field was derived. In the SCH model, the pole of the spherical cap is at 36.0• N and 104.5• E, and the half-angle is 30• , the truncation order K = 8 is determined according to the mean square deviation between the model calculation value and the observation value, the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and the distribution of geomagnetic field.
According to the geomagnetic observation data in China for 2003 from 135 geomagnetic stations and 35 geomagnetic observatories, and the geomagnetic data of 38 IGRF calculated points in China's adjacent regions, the distribution of the geomagnetic anomalous field in China was calculated. Two kinds of geomagnetic models are selected as the geomagnetic normal field: one is the spherical harmonic model of the international geomagnetic reference field, and the other is the Taylor polynomial model of the geomagnetic field in China. Based on the geomagnetic anomaly values (the observed value minus the calculated value of the model) at various stations, the spherical cap harmonic model of the geomagnetic anomalous field was calculated by using the spherical cap harmonic analysis method. The geomagnetic anomaly charts (∆D, ∆I, ∆F, ∆X, ∆Y and ∆Z) in China for 2003 are drawn. The geomagnetic anomalous field in China is analyzed and discussed.
When measuring the geomagnetic declination, the azimuth of the reference mark must be measured. This paper briefly describes the principle of measuring the azimuth by the differential GPS (Global Positioning System), several test observations of GPS and the results. In geomagnetic survey in China during 2002∼2003, GPS was used in measuring the azimuth. Field observations by GPS were carried out during the period that satellite signals were better received. The statistical results of the GPS data at 135 stations in China show that the difference of the azimuths between 2 GPS measurements at various stations is 0.0 ∼5.9 and the average is 1.6 . The azimuthal accuracy measured by GPS in this paper is 0.1 , and it is much better than the azimuthal accuracy 1.0 given by Newitt et al. (1996). The observation results show that the azimuths measured by GPS are accurate and reliable; they are not related to the time-space changes. The geomagnetic declinations D at various stations were obtained based on the azimuths measured by GPS, and the standard deviation of the reduced value of D was < 0.4 . Using the reduced values, the 8-order spherical cap harmonic model and the 5-order Taylor polynomial model in China for D were obtained. In geomagnetic survey, GPS is also used in measuring the longitude, the latitude and the elevation at various stations.
In order to investigate the characteristics of short period geomagnetic variations in Shaanxi region, a temporary measurement profile from Shiquan in the southern part of Shaanxi to Ningxian in Gansu was set up in September of 1996 to carry out simultaneous observation of three-component geomagnetic variations along the profile. The vertical transfer functions, the horizontal transfer functions and the spectral component's relationship of each period segment at each site in the period range from 3 min to 2 h were statistically calculated. Random data theory was applied to the data processing for reference, which led to a relatively good result. Analysis of the data point out that short period geomagnetic variations are affected by the regional influence of underground anomalous inductive current concentration between Wugong and Qianling in the nearly E-W direction and by the influence of local inductive current in nearby area of measurement site. The main distribution feature is that vertical transfer functions reverse between Wugong and Qianling and frequency responses of the transfer functions have maximum at period about 20 min.
A three-component geomagnetic survey was carried out during the period from 2002 to 2004 in China including Jiujiang-Ruichang region. Comparing the "2005.0 surface spline model of China geomagnetic field" created on the basis of the survey data with the "1970.0 surface spline model of China geomagnetic field", we can see an obvious abnormity in the geomagnetic horizontal component within a range of about 100 km around the epicenter of the M S =5.7 Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake occurred on November 26, 2005. After the earthquake, we carried out a repeated geomagnetic survey at 21 stations in the Jiujiang-Ruichang region and created a corresponding "2005.0partially revised surface spline model of China geomagnetic field". By comparing the above three models, analyzing the geomagnetic horizontal component at the profile in the Jiujiang-Ruichang region and quantitatively studying the geomagnetic data of every stations around the M S =5.7 earthquake, we have obtained the geomagnetic abnormity associated with this earthquake. Then the geomagnetic abnormity and its relation with seismic activity are discussed in this paper.
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