Background Depression is a common psychological disorder worldwide. Previous studies have explored the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in depression; however, few studies have focused on the association between different fatty acids and depression. Therefore, we explored the effect of the intake of different fatty acids on the risk of depression. Methods The study was based on the data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used a nutrient residual model and multivariate nutrient density model. We calculated the nutrient density and residual in men and women separately, and the fatty acid intake was divided into quartiles based on the sex distribution. The relationship between depression and different fatty acids was examined using logistic regression; furthermore, we explored the relationships in men and women. Results Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs, particularly n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, were associated with reduced odds ratios for depression, in contrast to total fatty acids (TFAs). The protective effect against depression of TFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs was stronger in women. Conclusion A higher intake of fatty acids, including MUFAs and PUFAs, may protect against depression, especially in women.
Background: Characteristics of heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) have not yet been fully understood. The objective of this study is to identify potential biomarkers for the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) recovery. Methods: Antibody microarrays were used to detect proteins in serum of healthy volunteers, patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF), and patients with HFrecEF, looking for specific proteins of HFrecEF patients.Results:1000 proteins were detected in the sera of healthy volunteers, HFrEF patients and HFrecEF patients using antibody microarrays (three in each group). There were dozens of different proteins between each group. Based on the signal strength, fold changes, clinical significance and Venn diagram analysis, 11 proteins were selected to be detected in the sera of 10 healthy volunteers ,47 HFrEF patients and 22 HFrecEF patients using antibody microarrays. Serum concentrations of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) were significantly downregulated in HFrecEF patients compared with HFrEF patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the CDO1 curve was 0.662(95%CI 0.517-0.808,P=0.031).The sensitivity of CDO1 was 77%, the specificity was 54%, and diagnostic cut‑off points was 10198.5.The GDF-8 has no diagnostic value. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the prognosis is better in HFrecEF patients than HFrEF patients about all cause death(P=0.011) and cardiovascular death(P=0.004).But we did not find that patients with low baseline CDO1 levels (<10198.5) had better outcomes than those with high CDO1 levels (≥10198.5).Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that CDO1 is a potential biomarker of LVEF recovery, which needs to be confirmed by further studies.
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