A white OLED device with extremely high power efficiency and long lifetime was developed, in which blue, yellow-green, and red phosphorescent emitters were used. The performances achieved were 64 lm/W and 10,000 hours of lifetime at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 by using a light outcoupling technique. The device also exhibited the good durability important for practical usage. New technologies, such as blue phosphorescent materials and a sophisticated organic layer structure, were applied to the device. Hopefully, these technologies will open the door to the practical use of OLEDs as light sources.
We developed white OLED device with extremely high power efficiency and long lifetime, in which blue, yellow-green and red phosphorescent emitters were used. The performance achieved was 64lm/W, and 10000 hours of lifetime at initial luminance of 1000cd/m 2 with light out-coupling technique. New technologies, such as blue phosphorescent materials and sophisticated organic layer structure, were applied to the device. The device also exhibited good durability such as storage stability, which is important performance in practical use. We hope that the development discussed in this paper opens up a course to practical use of OLED in lighting sources for illumination use, backlights and others.
Expectation to progress of OLED
-A flexible vertically stacked flexible polychromatic color-tunable OLED has been developed by means of low resistive intermediate electrode technology. The polychromatic OLED has a capability to show 16 million colors with 105% National Television Committee Standard (NTSC) color reproduction. The device can produce arbitrary shape with arbitrary colors, suitable for artistic expressions, just as many as those used in information displays. Independently controlled red, green, and blue lightemitting layers are stacked vertically. With conventional indium tin oxide technology, because of the temperature restriction, it was quite difficult to achieve low resistance on plastic substrate. The reported numbers were all more than 80 Ω/□. According to the surface mobility control using Fick's law analysis, low sheet resistance 7.34 Ω/□ on plastic film was developed. At first, flexible 7.17 cm 2 transparent OLED was fabricated for the performance confirmation of transparent electrode. And then polychromatic color-tunable OLED with the same size were successfully fabricated on plastic. With optical length optimization for each color stack of polychromatic OLED, more than 100% color reproduction in National Television Committee Standard was achieved by stack design. The polychromatic device can be used for colored illumination, as well as for organic-light-emitting display pixels for three times emission than conventional pixel design. The device is fabricated on plastic substrate so that the polychromatic organic-light-emitting-diode device is manufacturable with roll-to-roll production line.
The structure of the Au clusters dispersed on the AgBr microcrystals is investigated by fluorescence EXAFS technique. The results show the definite similarity between the sample and Au metal foil. The formation of small Au metal clusters on the surface of the AgBr microcrystals is suggested.
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