Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, an obligate aerobe and one of the most harmful bacteria in acidic beverages, requires oxygen for growth. However, the relationship between oxygen availability and its growth has not yet been quantified. We examined the correlation between A. acidoterrestris growth and oxygen availability to determine whether A. acidoterrestris can be controlled by restricting oxygen. Airtight containers were filled with YSG broth and apple juice at various oxygen concentrations. Positive correlation R 2 =0.9329 was observed between A. acidoterrestris growth and oxygen availability in YSG broth, and a lower but nonetheless slight correlation R 2 =0.5604 was observed for apple juice. These results indicate that decreased oxygen availability in a container could restrict growth. As results, the addition of reducing compounds along with airtight conditions may help prevent the deterioration of beverages caused by the proliferation of A. acidoterrestris.
Potted carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Lillipot) plants were transformed with cDNAs for carnation 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (DC-ACS1, s/aACS transgenes) or ACC oxidase (DC-ACO1, s/aACO transgenes) in sense or antisense orientation or mutated carnation ethylene receptor cDNA (DC-ERS2¢) by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The presence of acetosyringone at 100 lM in media for shoot culture prior to leaf explant preparation and preculture of Agrobacterium in addition to the conventional method of addition to media for infection and coculture, and the use of water instead of nutrient media for infection and coculture increased the transformation efficiency to 4.0% compared to the 0.1% obtained by the conventional method. PCR analysis as well as Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the ethylene-related transgenes. Leaflet segments of cultured shoots of some lines transformed with s/aACO transgenes had less activity to convert ACC to ethylene than that of the non-transformed control plant, indicating that the integrated s/aACO transgenes reduced the expression of endogenous ACC oxidase gene (DC-ACO1) in the cultured shoots.
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