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To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) for type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and investigate the predictors of sac enlargement after embolization. Materials and Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 patients (48 men and 7 women, median age 79.0 (interquartile ranges 74-82) years) who underwent TAE for type II endoleak from 2010 to 2018. The aneurysmal sac enlargement, endoleaks, aneurysm-related adverse event rate, and reintervention rate were evaluated.Patients' characteristics and clinical factors were evaluated for their association with sac enlargement. Results:Fifty-five patients underwent TAE with technical success and were subsequently followed for a median of 636 (interquartile ranges 446-1292) days. The freedom from sac enlargement rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 73.2%, 32.0%, and 26.7%, respectively. After initial TAE, the recurrent type II, delayed type I and occult type III endoleak were identified in 39 (71%), 5 (9%) and 3 (5%) patients, respectively. Although a patient had aorto-duodenal fistula, there was no aneurysm-related death. The freedom from reintervention rates were 84.6%, 35.7%, and 17.0%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, sac diameter >55 mm at initial TAE (hazard ratios, 3.23; 95% confidence intervals, 1.22-8.58; P <0.05) was a significant predictor of sac 3 enlargement. Conclusion:TAE for type II endoleak was not effective in preventing sac enlargement, and reinterventions were required among the mid-term follow-up. The sac diameter >55 mm at initial TAE was a significant predictor of sac enlargement.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an intra-arterially infused carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated solution in sensitizing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Forty VX2 liver tumor-bearing Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and infused via the proper hepatic artery with a saline solution (control group), CO2-saturated solution (CO2 group), cisplatin solution (cisplatin group), or CO2-saturated solution and cisplatin solution (combined group). The tumor volume (TV) and the relative tumor volume (RTV), RTV = (TV on day 3 or 7)/(TV on day 0) x 100, were calculated using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF‑1α) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) staining were used to evaluate cellular hypoxia. Cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were analyzed to assess tumor apoptosis. The mean RTV on days 3 and 7 were 202.6±23.7 and 429.2±94.8%, respectively, in the control group; 172.2±38.1 and 376.5±61.1% in the CO2 group; 156.1±15.1 and 269.6±45.2% in the cisplatin group; and 118.3±28.1 and 210.3±55.1% in the combined group. RTV was significantly lower in the CO2 group than in the control group (day 3; P<0.05), and in the combined group than in the cisplatin group (days 3 and 7; P<0.05). HIF-1α and CA IX suppression, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expression, were detected in the CO2 and combined groups, compared with the other two groups. An intra-arterially infused CO2-saturated solution inhibits liver VX2 tumor growth and sensitizes the anticancer effect of cisplatin.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for intractable postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to genital tract trauma (GTT) after vaginal delivery. Methods We evaluated 27 patients who underwent TAE for intractable PPH due to GTT after vaginal delivery at our institution between January 2008 and December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to TAE procedure; TAE performed as close as possible to the bleeding point, at least more peripherally than the second branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, was defined as superselective TAE (S-TAE). TAE performed from the proximal segment of the internal iliac artery was defined as proximal TAE (P-TAE). Patient characteristics, pre-procedural contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), procedure details, technical/clinical success, and complications were evaluated separately for the S-TAE and P-TAE groups. Results The combined technical/clinical success rate was 92%. No major procedure-related complications were seen (mean follow-up: 6.12 ± 3.93 days). The combined technical/clinical success rate of S-TAE was 100% and of P-TAE was 67% (p = 0.04). S-TAE was performed more frequently in patients with pre-procedural CE-CT (p = 0.01) and use of permanent embolic materials (p = 0.003). Conclusion S-TAE is safe and effective for intractable PPH due to GTT. Pre-procedural CE-CT may be useful for detecting the culprit artery and be helpful in performing S-TAE.

To evaluate the incidence of type II endoleak (EL-II) and aneurysm enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using the Endurant stent graft in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with occluded inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). Materials and methods Between 2012 and 2017, 103 patients who underwent EVAR using the Endurant stent graft for AAA with occluded IMA (50 patients with prophylactic embolized IMA and 53 with spontaneous occluded IMA) were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of EL-II and aneurysm enlargement was evaluated. Predictive factors for persistent EL-II were also evaluated based on patient characteristics, preprocedural anatomical characteristics, and intraprocedural details and postprocedural complications. 2 2 Results Incidence rates of early EL-II and persistent EL-II were 6.8% (7 / 103 patients) and 4.9% (5 / 103 patients), respectively. Aneurysm enlargement was found in 10 patients (9.7%), including all 5 patients with persistent EL-II, 3 with de-novo EL-II, and 2 with no EL-II. The rates of freedom from aneurysm enlargement at 1, 2, and 3 years were 98.7%, 97.0%, and 93.1% for the group without persistent EL-II, and 80.0%, 60.0%, and 20.0% for the group with persistent EL-II (p <0.001), respectively. The maximum aneurysm diameter

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Objective The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 70-kilovoltage-peak (kVp) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for visualization and identification of the right adrenal vein (RAV) in comparison with that of conventional 120-kVp CECT. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling with concurrent biphasic 120-kVp (120-kVp group, n = 43) or 70-kVp (70-kVp group, n = 47) CECT. Signal-to-noise ratios, contrast-to-noise ratios, longitudinal lengths, conspicuity scores, RAV detection rates, and size-specific dose estimates were compared between the 2 groups. Results In comparison with the 120-kVp group, the 70-kVp group had significantly higher signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (P < 0.001–P = 0.033), greater longitudinal lengths (P < 0.001–P = 0.002), superior conspicuity scores for the RAV (P < 0.001), higher RAV detection rates (P = 0.015–P = 0.033), and lower size-specific dose estimates (P < 0.001). Conclusions Seventy-kilovoltage-peak CECT has advantages over conventional 120-kVp CECT and is potentially useful for noninvasive assessment of the precise anatomy of the RAV.