Nano-particles can become one of the best materials for forming thin and fine pitch films at low temperature, if particles are individually dispersed densely in a solvent. Individually dispersed metal(gold, silver, copper) nano-particle(d-nano particle) are formed at a state of suspension in an organic solvent by the modified gas evaporation method where formed particles are covered with an organic surfactant just after their formation. The particle formed by the gas evaporation method are metal impurity free and have a narrow size distribution. This suspension is condensed and used as a formed of solution or paste. D-nano particle solution or paste can be baked at 200-300C to form metal thin films. These has been applied to PDP electrode repairing, coloring of car window glass, a filler of electric conductive resin paste and ULSI interconnection formation.
Migration test for glass, ceramic and enamel products 4 Acetic acid Blank 0.40 0.050 2.6 0.23 1.2 0.57 Blank Migration test for metal can Water * Blank 0.35 0.10 0.45 0.5 Citric acid solution 0.080 0.50 0.12 Blank * : Five drops of nitric acid were added to 100 mL of prepared sample.
An interlaboratory study was performed to evaluate the equivalence between an official method and a modified method of evaporation residue test using heptane as a food-simulating solvent for oily or fatty foods, based on the Japanese Food Sanitation Law for food contact products. Twenty-three laboratories participated, and tested the evaporation residues of nine test solutions as blind duplicates. In the official method, heating for evaporation was done with a water bath. In the modified method, a hot plate was used for evaporation, and/or a vacuum concentration procedure was skipped. In most laboratories, the test solutions were heated until just prior to dryness, and then allowed to dry under residual heat. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the two methods. Accordingly, the modified method provides performance equal to the official method, and is available as an alternative method. Furthermore, an interlaboratory study was performed to evaluate and compare two leaching solutions (95% ethanol and isooctane) used as food-simulating solvents for oily or fatty foods in the EU. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between heptane and these two leaching solutions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.