We present the case of an 8-year-old girl with a ganglioneuroma in the left cerebellopontine angle region. The tumor originated from the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve. Histopathologically, it was composed of neoplastic ganglion cells and Schwann cells, leading us to the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Intracranial ganglioneuroma is very rare. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a trigeminal ganglioneuroma. The nature and origin of this tumor are discussed and the literature reviewed.
Cyclin E and p27 Kip1 are co-regulators of the G1-to S-phase transition and closely related to tumor behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine expression of cyclin E and p27 Kip1 in astrocytomas and to evaluate the relationships between expression of these cell-cycle regulators and prognosis of patients with astrocytoma. Tissue samples from 130 astrocytomas (WHO grade 1 n=5, grade 2 n=23, grade 3 n=64, grade 4 n=38) were examined immunohistochemically for cyclin E and p27 Kip1 expression. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical presentation, and survival was followed. The cyclin E labeling index (LI) tended to increase with tumor grade (Kruskal-Wallis, P=0.0104). For patients with primary astrocytomas, the 50% survival times for the low cyclin E LI (<5%) group and the high cyclin E LI(≥5%) group were 53.7 months and 19.8 months. In combined analysis of cyclin E and p27 Kip1 expression, the low cyclin E/high p27 Kip1 LI (≥50%) group had the best survival (50% survival time: 103.2 months), the low cyclin E/low p27 Kip1 LI (≥50%) and the high cyclin E/high p27 Kip1 LI groups moderate survival (24.1 and 27.5 months), and the high cyclin E/low p27 Kip1 LI group the worst survival (13.1 months). Multivariate analysis identified the combined factor, high cyclin E/low p27 Kip1 , as a novel independent prognostic factor for survival time (P=0.0037, relative risk=2.4). This study suggested that combined analysis of cyclin E and p27 Kip1 expression was considered to be potentially useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with astrocytoma.
The stress and displacement fields near the bonding edge, sharp notch, and contact edge show singularity behaviours, so methods of evaluating the strength of these points using maximum stresses calculated by a numerical stress analysis, such as the finite element method, are generally not valid. We have previously presented a new method of evaluating the strength of these singular points using two stress singularity parameters H and λ. In this paper we have developed a method of formularizing critical stress-singularity parameter Hth for each order of stress singularity λ by utilizing critical distance stress theories (point method and line method), which can be derived from two typical strength parameters, namely, fatigue limit σw0 and threshold stress-intensity factor range ΔKth. These estimated critical Hth (λ) value agreed well with the experimentally measured value. Using these simple critical distance stress approach we estimated the fretting-fatigue-crack initiation criteria for any contact edge angle and optimized the contact-edge geometry. Moreover, we apply this new strength criteria to general stress concentration structures.
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