The effects of alloying elements, such as Mn, Cu and Mo, on the rate of nitrogen dissolution in the molten iron alloys are investigated by an isotope exchange technique at 1 973 K. The rate constant of nitrogen dissolution increases with increasing the content of Mn or Mo, which has stronger affinity with nitrogen than iron. On the other hand, the rate constant decreases with increasing the Cu content, which has a repulsive force against nitrogen in iron. The mole fractions of the alloying elements in the surface phase are estimated, and the reaction mechanism is discussed by investigating the dependence of the rate constant on the mole fraction in the surface phase. The effect of alloying elements on the nitrogen dissolution rate depends on the affinity of the solute element with nitrogen in molten iron and the mole fraction in the surface phase.KEY WORDS: nitrogen dissolution; isotope exchange; surface concentration; Butler's equation. where N 0 is Avogadro's number, and V X is the molar volume of pure liquid X (m 3 /mol). L in Eq. (2) is usually set to be 1.091 for liquid metals, assuming close-packed structures. 17) N X S and N X B in Eq.(1) are mole fractions of a component X in a surface phase and a bulk phase, respectively; G -X E,S (T, N B S ) is the partial excess Gibbs energy of X in the surface phase as a function of T and N B S ; G -) is the partial excess Gibbs energy of X in the bulk phase as a function of T and N B B (XϭA or B). Equation (1) can be solved from the relationship between excess Gibbs energy in bulk and surface phases as follows. Since G -(T, N B B ) in Eq.(1) can be obtained directly from thermodynamic databases, we only need the additional information on G -X E,S (T, N B S ) in the surface phase. The various authors proposed the models for G -X E,S (T, N B S ), which can be summarized as follows: (1), the surface tension s of the liquid alloy can be also calculated. The mole fraction of each component element in a surface phase for binary iron alloy was estimated using thermodynamic data 13,18,19) at 1 973 K. The results are shown in Fig. 1. The mole fractions of manganese and copper are found to be higher in the surface phase. On the other hand, the mole fractions of tungsten and molybdenum are lower in the surface phase. In order to investigate the effect of surface concentration of alloying elements on nitrogen dissolution rate, manganese, copper and molybdenum were selected as the alloying elements. ExperimentalAn alumina crucible (26 mm O.D., 20 mm I.D.), in which high-purity electrolytic iron ([mass ppm S]ϭ7, [mass ppm P]ϭ3) and M [M: Mn (purity 99.95 %), Cu (purity 99.0 %) or Mo (purity 99.9 %)] totally weighing 60 g were contained, was settled in a transparent quartz furnace tube (65 mm O.D., 62 mm I.D.) and inductively heated up to 1 873 K in an Ar-H 2 mixture. The iron sample was held for 1 to 2 h in the Ar-H 2 mixture and was sufficiently deoxidized at 1 873 K. Then, the iron sample was cooled rapidly. Using the prepared samples, the measurements were carried out as f...
Carbon deposition from CO-CO2 mixture is examined on metallic iron at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950K. The CO-CO2 mixture was introduced in an alumina tube, in which the high purity electrolytic iron powder was packed, and the ingoing and the outgoing gas compositions were measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lowering limit of the partial pressure of CO (PCO/(PCO+PCO 2 )), at which the carbon deposition substantially occurs, is investigated. The condition, under which carbon deposition occurs, is clarified in Fe-CO-CO2 system. The improvement of the gas utilization ratio in the reduction of iron oxide and the suppression of dioxins formation in combustion processes by the enhancement of carbon deposition are discussed. From the present thermodynamic calculation, it is concluded that dioxins formation can be suppressed by lowering the PCO/(PCO+PCO 2 ) value under 0.2 to 0.3 according to the enhancement of the carbon deposition at 700 to 750K.
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