We analyzed tandem duplication in the juxtamembrane (JM) domain of the FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3/FLK2, CD135) gene in 94 children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and evaluated its correlation with clinical features. Longer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were observed in five patients; 1/3 of M0, 1/9 of M1, 1/39 of M2, 1/9 of M3 and 1/12 of M5. The sequence analyses of abnormal PCR products showed that all the abnormal products were derived from tandem duplications involving the JM domain and that all the lengthened sequences were in-frame as we previously reported. Statistical analyses revealed a significantly lower incidence of the tandem duplication in childhood AML patients than in adult patients (P Ͻ 0.05), and significantly shorter disease-free survival in patients with mutant FLT3 than in patients with wild-type FLT3 (P Ͻ 0.05). Our results suggest that the tandem duplication in the JM domain of the FLT3 gene is not a frequent phenomenon but might be a factor of poor prognosis in childhood patients with AML.

These data indicate that microsatellite instability can be regarded as a novel independent and important marker for predicting the development of metachronous colorectal carcinoma after surgery.

Based on these findings, the carcinogenesis of RER positive nonfamilial colorectal carcinoma is considered different from that of HNPCC:

These results suggest that augmented therapy for MRD-positive patients at TP2 contributed to better outcomes of the ALL2000 study.

Based on these findings, the carcinogenesis of RER positive nonfamilial colorectal carcinoma is considered different from that of HNPCC: