Edited by Ned ManteiKeywords: FRS2 FRS3 SNT Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Lysosome Intracellular transport a b s t r a c tThe fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate (FRS)-2 protein family comprises FRS2a, a wellknown central mediator for fibroblast growth factor signaling, and FRS2b, whose endogenous expression pattern and function are not yet defined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that expression of FRS2b was restricted to neural tissues and it colocalized with Tuj1, a neuronal marker. There are two distinct patterns of FRS2b expression in neural cells: punctate and cup/ring-shaped; moreover, some particles colocalized with lysosomes. Stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhanced FRS2b phosphorylation and the cup/ring-shaped pattern. These results suggest a probable role of FRS2b in the intracellular degradation systems of neural cells, which involves lysosomes.

In the cardiomyopathic hamsters with CHF, the production of ET-1 in the heart was markedly increased, and chronic ETA receptor blockade greatly ameliorated survival and cardiac dysfunction. These results suggest that ET-1 plays an important role in the deterioration of CHF caused by cardiomyopathy, and ETA antagonists may exert therapeutic effects in CHF due to cardiomyopathy.

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