[1] Modern rainwater, cave dripwater and cave stalagmite geochemical time series from a cave in Guam (13°38′N, 144°53′E) are used to better understand how changes in cave stalagmite geochemistry relate to aboveground changes in rainfall at a tropical location. A scientific field team based in Guam collects $monthly samples from multiple sites for geochemical analyses at a cave and aboveground rainfall from a nearby location. We compute a transfer function between rainfall amount and oxygen isotopic composition (d 18 O) of a decrease (increase) of 0.94 AE 0.3 m/year for every 1‰ increase (decrease) in rainfall d 18 O, based on data extracted from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Global Networks of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) database and from data generated in this study. Dripwater d 18 O and Mg/Ca ratios show annual cyclicity at some, but not all sites, accentuating the complex nature of cave hydrology. A stalagmite d 18 O record for the last $160 years indicates the existence of droughts of decadal length, when rainfall is estimated to be $0.65 AE 0.3 m/year less than average conditions. This estimate of rainfall reduction most likely refers to wet season months, as these months preferentially contribute to groundwater recharge. The proxybased climate record at Guam provides new evidence highlighting how a rainy site in the Western Pacific Warm Pool today can experience considerable changes in rainfall on decadal timescales.

No abstract

We investigated the effect of five levels of pCO 2 -adjusted seawater (300 μatm [pre-industrial] to 1200 μatm [near-future]) on calcification rates of six coral species: Acropora nasuta, A. tenuis, Montipora digitata, Pocillopora damicornis, Porites cylindrica, and Galaxea fascicularis, which are common species in the subtropical Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. In most species, declines in calcification rates were pCO 2 -dependent as previously reported.Responses to lower pH seawater significantly differed among species in common-garden tanks. Corals showed both linear and non-linear responses to a wide range of seawater pCO 2 , which could be attributable to physiological differences in inter-species. Our results are consistent with previous studies and suggest that the responses of corals to ocean acidification can vary among species.