The divide-and-conquer (DC) method, which is one of the linear-scaling methods avoiding explicit diagonalization of the Fock matrix, has been applied mainly to pure density functional theory (DFT) or semiempirical molecular orbital calculations so far. The present study applies the DC method to such calculations including the Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange terms as the HF and hybrid HF/DFT. Reliability of the DC-HF and DC-hybrid HF/DFT is found to be strongly dependent on the cut-off radius, which defines the localization region in the DC formalism. This dependence on the cut-off radius is assessed from various points of view: that is, total energy, energy components, local energies, and density of states. Additionally, to accelerate the self-consistent field convergence in DC calculations, a new convergence technique is proposed.

The density matrix (DM) obtained from Yang's [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1438 (1991)] divide-and-conquer (DC) Hartree-Fock (HF) calculation is applied to the explicit second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) energy functional of the HF DM, which was firstly mentioned by Ayala and Scuseria [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 3660 (1999)] and was improved by Surján [Chem. Phys. Lett. 406, 318 (2005)] as DM-Laplace MP2. This procedure, termed DC-DM MP2, requires the HF DM of holes, for which we propose two evaluation schemes in DC manner. Numerical studies reveal that the DC-DM MP2 energy deviation from canonical MP2 is the same order of magnitude as DC-HF energy deviation from conventional HF whichever type of hole DM is adopted. It is also confirmed that the central processing unit time of DC-DM MP2 is less than that of DM-Laplace MP2 because the DC-HF DM is sparser than conventional DM.

Recently, we applied Yang's divide-and-conquer (DC) method to the Hartree-Fock (HF) and hybrid density functional theories and assessed its reliability in calculations of bond-alternating polyene chains. In this paper, we investigate the cut-off behaviour of the HF exchange interaction in the DC-HF method by comparing the results of bond-alternating polyene chains with those of more delocalized uniform polyene chains. The cut-off error of the uniform chain is much larger than that of the bond-alternating chain because of the delocalized electronic structure of the uniform polyene chain. We also estimate the exponential decay coefficient of the cut-off error in the DC scheme and compare it with that of the real-space one-particle density matrix, which can be represented by the band gap in the insulator limit. It can be concluded that the cut-off derived from the DC-HF method can be reduced to an arbitrary magnitude of error by adopting an appropriate buffer radius corresponding to the band gap.

Enhanced Luminescence properties of mononuclear lanthanide complexes with asymmetric seven-coordination structure are reported for the first time. The lanthanide complexes are composed of a lanthanide ion (Eu III or Tb III ), three tetramethyl heptanedionatos and one triphenyl phosphine oxide. The coordination geometries of the lanthanide complexes are evaluated using single crystal X-ray analyses and shape-measurement calculations. The complexes are categorized to be seven-coordinate monocapped octahedral structure (point group: C3v). The sevencoordinate lanthanide complexes show high intrinsic emission quantum yields, extra-large radiative rate constants and unexpected small non-radiative rate constants. The brilliant luminescence properties are elucidated in terms of the asymmetric coordination geometry and small vibrational quanta related to the thermal relaxation.

An analytical energy gradient formula for the density-matrix-based linear-scaling divide-and-conquer (DC) self-consistent field (SCF) method was proposed in a previous paper by Yang and Lee (YL) [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 5674 (1995)]. Since the formula by YL does not correspond to the exact gradient of the DC-SCF energy, we derive the exact formula by direct differentiation, which requires solving the coupled-perturbed equations while including the inter-subsystem coupling terms. Next, we present an alternative formula for approximately evaluating the DC-SCF energy gradient, assuming the variational condition for the subsystem density matrices. Numerical assessments confirmed that the DC-SCF energy gradient values obtained by the present formula are in reasonable agreement with the conventional SCF values when adopting a reliable buffer region. Furthermore, the performance of the present method was found to be better than that of the YL method.