The split hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis procedure consistently leads to good facial reanimation, and the use of either half of the split hypoglossal nerve results in facial reanimation and moderate tongue atrophy.
Aim. To investigate the effect of daikenchuto (TJ-100; DKT) for ulcerative colitis (UC) model mouse and assess its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods. We evaluated the effects of DKT on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced experimental colitis. First, we assessed the short-term effects of DKT using two groups: 5% DSS group and 5% DSS with DKT group. Colon length; histological scores; and interleukin- (IL-) 10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression profiles were analyzed using real-time PCR. Second, we assessed the long-term effects of DKT, by comparing survival time between 2% DSS and 2% DSS with DKT groups. Results. After 7 days, the colon lengths of DSS + DKT group were longer than those of the DSS group (mean values: 6.11 versus 5.69 cm, p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to DSS group, the DSS + DKT group maintained significantly higher levels of serum hemoglobin (13.1 versus 10.7 g/dL, p < 0.05) and exhibited significantly higher expression levels of IL-10 (p < 0.05). The 2% DSS + DKT group exhibited significantly longer survival time than the 2% DSS group (70 versus 44 days, p < 0.01). Conclusion. Our results indicate that DKT prevented inflammation in the colon, indicating its potential as a new therapeutic agent for UC.
Daily salt intake can be estimated by measuring sodium and creatinine concentrations in spot urine. Excessive salt intake is risk factor for gastric cancer. We examined the correlation between estimated salt intake from spot urine and risk of gastric cancer. This study included gastric cancer patients who underwent treatment at our hospital and patients in whom esophagogastro duodenoscopy was performed but gastric cancer was not observed. The history of H. pylori infection was known in these patients. Spot urine was collected, and daily salt intake was estimated from urine sodium and urine creatinine. Mean estimated salt intake was significantly higher in 120 gastric cancer patients (9.18 g/day) than in 80 non gastric cancer patients (8.22 g/day). Multivariate analysis revealed estimated salt intake and H. pylori infection to be independent risk factors for gastric cancer. Among H. pylori infected patients, salt intake was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients (9.25 g/day) than in non gastric cancer patients (8.01 g/day). In conclusion, salt intake estimated from spot urine was high in patients with gastric cancer, especially in H. pylori infected patients. Spot urine is a simple examination and it may be applied as a new risk assessment of gastric cancer.
PurposeTo investigate which colonoscopy (CS) cases should be presided over by endoscopists in training, using factors including obesity and metabolic syndrome.Patients and methodsItems investigated were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of abdominal surgery (excluding colectomy), colon diverticulosis, prescription of antithrombotic agents, and quality of bowel preparation. Expert physicians were defined as those with at least 9 years of endoscopy experience; all other physicians were defined as being in training. In a retrospective analysis, cases in which a physician in training reached the cecum within 15 minutes without requiring the involvement of the supervising physician were defined as eligible cases over which a physician in training should preside, while other cases were defined as non-eligible.ResultsOverall, 813 CS cases were analyzed. Males (P<0.0001), cases started by an expert physician (P<0.0001), cases of no fellow physician involvement (P<0.0001), and cases with good bowel preparation (P<0.0001) had significantly shorter cecal intubation times. Of the 562 cases presided over by a physician in training, 194 were deemed eligible and 368 non-eligible. The eligible cases had a higher proportion of males (P=0.017), younger age (P=0.033), higher BMI (P=0.034), and higher rates of hypertension (P=0.001) and good bowel preparation (P=0.001). In analysis by sex, males demonstrated significantly more eligible cases among younger patients (P=0.009) and those with good bowel preparation (P=0.008), while there were significantly more eligible cases among females with hypertension (P=0.004).ConclusionIt may be useful to select CS cases for physicians considering sex, age, BMI, hypertension, and bowel preparation.
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