There are two categories of coordination polymers (CPs): inorganic CPs (i‐CPs) and organic ligand bridged CPs (o‐CPs). Based on the successful crystal engineering of CPs, we here propose noncrystalline states and functionalities as a new research direction for CPs. Control over the liquid or glassy states in materials is essential to obtain specific properties and functions. Several studies suggest the feasibility of obtaining liquid/glassy states in o‐CPs by design principles. The combination of metal ions and organic bridging ligands, together with the liquid/glass phase transformation, offer the possibility to transform o‐CPs into ionic liquids and other ionic soft materials. Synchrotron measurements and computational approaches contribute to elucidating the structures and dynamics of the liquid/glassy states of o‐CPs. This offers the opportunity to tune the porosity, conductivity, transparency, and other material properties. The unique energy landscape of liquid/glass o‐CPs offers opportunities for properties and functions that are complementary to those of the crystalline state.
A proton-conducting coordination polymer glass derived from a protic ionic liquid works as a moldable solid electrolyte and the anhydrous fuel cell showed I–V performance of 0.15 W cm−2 at 120 °C.
At temperatures below freezing, air humidity becomes lower and produced water at the cathode freezes on the surface of catalyst, and it is difficult to start a PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) at a cold district. The object of the work is to study the performance of the fuel cell below the freezing point by experiments and simulation. To investigate the characteristics of the starting of a temperature below freezing the performance of a single cell was measured at temperatures from −3 to −25 • C and pressures from 1 to 2 atm. The results of the experiments and simulation indicate that the performance of a PEFC decreases at higher current densities and pressures, and lower cell temperatures because of ice more produced on the reactive area of the cathode. To maintain the cell performance below freezing point, it is effective to adjust the current densities and gas flow rate to balance the produced and removed water. However at −5 • C, heat generated in the fuel cell is effective to warm the cell and make self-starting possible. These results shows that it is necessary to heat the cell with an additional heat source in order to start the fuel cell below −5 • C.
Aseries of assembled Pt II complexes comprising Nheterocyclic carbene and cyanide ligands was constructed using different substituent groups,[ Pt(CN) 2 (R-impy)] (R-impyH + = 1-alkyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1H-imidazolium, R = Me (Pt-Me), Et (Pt-Et), i Pr (Pt-i Pr), and t Bu (Pt-t Bu)). All the complexes exhibited highly efficient photoluminescence with an emission quantum yield of 0.51-0.81 in the solid state at room temperature,originating from the triplet metal-metal-toligand charge transfer (3 MMLCT) state.Their emission colors cover the entire visible region from red for Pt-Me to blue for Pt-t Bu.I mportantly, Pt-t Bu is the first example that exhibits blue 3 MMLCT emission. The 3 MMLCT emission was proved and characterized based on the temperature dependences of the crystal structures and emission properties.T he wide-range color tuning of luminescence using the 3 MMLCT emission presents an ew strategy of superfine control of the emission color.
Square-planar NiII complexes and their electronically
excited states play key roles in cross-coupling catalysis and could
offer new opportunities to complement well-known isoelectronic PtII luminophores. Metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited
states and their deactivation pathways are particularly relevant in
these contexts. We sought to extend the lifetimes of 3MLCT
states in square-planar NiII complexes by creating coordination
environments that seemed particularly well adapted to the 3d8 valence electron configuration. Using a rigid tridentate chelate
ligand, in which a central cyclometalated phenyl unit is flanked by
two coordinating N-heterocyclic carbenes, along with a monodentate
isocyanide ligand, a very strong ligand field is created. Bulky substituents
at the isocyanide backbone furthermore protect the NiII center from nucleophilic attack in the axial directions. UV–Vis
transient absorption spectroscopies reveal that upon excitation into 1MLCT absorption bands and ultrafast intersystem crossing to
the 3MLCT excited state, the latter relaxes onward into
a metal-centered triplet state (3MC). A torsional motion
of the tridentate ligand and a NiII-carbon bond elongation
facilitate 3MLCT relaxation to the 3MC state.
The 3MLCT lifetime gets longer with increasing ligand field
strength and improved steric protection, thereby revealing clear design
guidelines for square-planar NiII complexes with enhanced
photophysical properties. The longest 3MLCT lifetime reached
in solution at room temperature is 48 ps, which is longer by a factor
of 5–10 compared to previously investigated square-planar NiII complexes. Our study contributes to making first-row transition
metal complexes with partially filled d-orbitals more amenable to
applications in photophysics and photochemistry.
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