Quantitative relations between discomfort glare evaluation and photometric quantities such as illuminance at the observer's eye, average luminance of the source area, average luminance of the effective area and effective glare luminance for white LED sources having a variety of spatial luminance distributions have been investigated. Effective glare luminance, which is the sum of luminances in the luminaire area divided by the effective area, explains the scaling results of all sources in the same way. In addition, a new equation modified from the Commission Internationale de l'É clairage Unified Glare Rating formula using the effective glare luminance showed a strong correlation with the scaling results. It is thus suggested that effective glare luminance is a useful index of discomfort glare for light sources having different spatial luminance distributions.
This study investigates the change in the color appearance of a small stimulus with a diameter of 0.5° presented at various locations along the vertical and horizontal meridians in the visual field. To determine the color appearance, the hue and saturation judgment method and the categorical color naming method were used. The results obtained using these two methods at 0° exhibit the same quality of color appearance as that of a stimulus with a diameter of about 2° reported in previous studies. A more rapid decrease in perceived saturation and hue shift toward yellow in reddish and greenish stimuli are indicated in the hue and saturation judgment, whereas early distinction of “red” and persistence of “yellow” and “blue” responses are observed in the categorical color naming method. Despite the evident change in color appearance for each stimulus, the relationship between the responses obtained by the two methods for all stimuli was approximately the same across the visual field examined here. The unique hue component needed to elicit the color name of “yellow,” “green,” or “blue” is nearly constant along the eccentricity. However, the hue component of “red” is significantly higher than that of the other primary colors, especially at 0°, which suggests the specificity of that color.
Objective Sound hypersensitivity is highly comorbid with migraine headaches. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of migraine attacks, we must first identify the types of everyday environmental sounds they perceive as unpleasant and clarify the acoustic properties of such sounds. This study aimed to clarify the true nature of “noise,” i.e. everyday sounds perceived as unpleasant by migraineurs, by evaluating their subjective comfort/discomfort in response to several sounds commonly heard in everyday life. Methods Participants were presented with 20 environmental sounds they would likely hear daily. Subjects rated the pleasantness/unpleasantness of each stimulus using a nine-step scale. Patients We recruited 50 adults with migraine headaches (46 women, 4 men) and 50 healthy controls (35 women, 15 men). Results Migraineurs provided statistically significantly lower (more unpleasant) ratings to ambulance sirens, police car sirens, and railroad crossing bells than did controls. Our analysis also investigated the acoustic characteristics associated with higher rating gaps between the two groups. Greater divergence in ratings for the same stimulus was associated with less power (smaller amplitude envelope) and slower temporal variation in signals in the 400-Hz band. Conclusion We identified specific signal components associated with different subjective (un)pleasantness scores between migraineurs and healthy adults, which may lead to the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism underlying migraine attacks triggered by sound.
-The effect of blue primary color on image quality was studied. We used the KANSEI evaluation method, and for experiments, we used Semantic Differential method. First, four different blue primaries of 430, 450, 470, and 480 nm with full brightness of L max equal 60 cd/m 2 were tested.The same experiment was performed for 450, 470, and 480 nm at L max of 170 cd/m 2 . The results for the four primaries show that 450-and 470-nm blue primaries are the best. Then 430 nm was next, and 480-nm blue primary shows the worst performance. In the tests of three primaries, the 470 nm shows the highest scores for bluish test images. Results are compared with color naming data in the entire chromaticity diagram.
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