Eucalyptus L. is traditionally used for many medicinal purposes. In particular, some Eucalyptus species have currently shown cytotoxic properties. Local Brazilian communities have used leaves of E. benthamii as a herbal remedy for various diseases, including cancer. Considering the lack of available data for supporting this cytotoxic effect, the goal of this paper was to study the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the essential oils from young and adult leaves of E. benthamii and some related terpenes (α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and γ-terpinene) on Jurkat, J774A.1 and HeLa cells lines. Regarding the cytotoxic activity based on MTT assay, the essential oils showed improved results than α-pinene and γ-terpinene, particularly for Jurkat and HeLa cell lines. Terpinen-4-ol revealed a cytotoxic effect against Jurkat cells similar to that observed for volatile oils. The results of LDH activity indicated that cytotoxic activity of samples against Jurkat cells probably involved cell death by apoptosis. The decrease of cell DNA content was demonstrated due to inhibition of Jurkat cells proliferation by samples as a result of cytotoxicity. In general, the essential oils from young and adult leaves of E. benthamii presented cytotoxicity against the investigated tumor cell lines which confirms their antitumor potential.
A principal doença da goiaba (Psidium guajava L.), após a colheita, é a antracnose, causada por Glomerella cingulata e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Estes patógenos e o resíduo de fungicidas em frutos são considerados os principais problemas para a exportaçãodesta fruta. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito fungitóxico de extratos, decoctos e óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e aromáticas, no crescimento micelial dos patógenos, in vitro, recomendados como alternativa para o controle químico em pós-colheita. Os extratos aquosos a 10% e os decoctos (subprodutos da hidrodestilação) foram adicionados em BDA, autoclavados e distribuídos em placas de Petri. Os óleos essenciais foram adicionados em três pontos eqüidistantes nas placas de Petri contendo BDA. Discos dos isolados foram repicados para o centro das placas de Petri. O efeito fungitóxico foi avaliado medindo-se o diâmetro das colônias, quando na testemunha ou em qualquer tratamento os patógenos atingiram a borda da placa. O extrato aquoso e o óleo essencial de cravo-da-Índia inibiram em 100% o crescimento de G. cingulata e C. gloeosporioides, sendo este último totalmente inibido pelo óleo essencial de capim-limão. Os decoctos de alecrim, gengibre, calêndula e laranja (Citrus sinensis) apresentaram potencial de inibição sobre os isolados dos patógenos. No controle de C. gloeosporioides, destacaram-se também os decoctos de marcela, camomila e tagetes. A inibição total ou parcial do crescimento micelial de Glomerella cingulata e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, in vitro, evidenciou a existência de compostos biologicamente ativos, com efeito fungitóxico nos extratos, decoctos e óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e aromáticas. Isto indica uma aplicação potencial destes produtos no controle alternativo da antracnose em frutos de goiabeira.
Eucalyptus cinerea, known as silver dollar tree, has few descriptions in traditional medicine. Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oils of leaves, flowers and fruits, collected seasonally, were determined by GC/MS and disk diffusion/MIC, respectively. 1,8-Cineole was the main compound, particularly in fresh leaves—Spring (74.98%), dried leaves—Spring (85.32%), flowers—Winter (78.76%) and fruits—Winter (80.97%). Other compounds were found in the aerial parts in all seasons: α-pinene (2.41% to 10.13%), limonene (1.46% to 4.43%), α-terpineol (1.73% to 11.72%), and α-terpinyl acetate (3.04% to 20.44%). The essential oils showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria and yeasts, with the best results being found for the dried autumn and winter leaves oils (MIC < 0.39 mg/mL) against Streptococcus pyogenes. For the other tested microorganisms the following MIC results were found: Staphylococcus aureus— Dried leaves oil from summer (0.78 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa—Flowers oil from autumn and fruits oil from winter (1.56 mg/mL) and Candida albicans—Flowers oil from autumn and fruits oils from winter and spring (0.78 mg/mL).
RESUMO:Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss, a espinheira-santa verdadeira, é largamente utilizada para tratamento de gastrites e úlceras estomacais. O seu valor terapêutico é atribuído principalmente aos polifenóis (flavonóides e taninos) e triterpenos. Os polifenóis são bastante estudados e estão relacionados à atividade antioxidante exercida pela planta. Existem vários métodos para avaliar a atividade antioxidante, a qual pode ser medida a capacidade antioxidante total utilizando o método de formação do complexo fosfomolibdênio e a atividade antioxidante em relação à redução de um radical, utilizando-se o DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila). A atividade antioxidante das folhas de espinheira-santa seca em diferentes temperaturas foi avaliada, visando verificar a possível influência das temperaturas de secagens e seu poder antioxidante. Foram utilizadas cinco temperaturas (40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 ºC) e uma temperatura de secagem de rotina, de um produtor/beneficiador de plantas medicinais. As menores temperaturas apresentaram as maiores atividades antioxidantes. Unitermos:Maytenus ilicifolia, Celastraceae, temperatura de secagem, antioxidante, DPPH, fosfomolibdênio.ABSTRACT: "Antioxidant activity of "espinheira-santa" -Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss., leaves dried in different temperatures". Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss, the true "espinheirasanta" is widely used for treating gastritis and stomach ulcers. Its therapeutic values are due mainly polyphenols (flavonoids and tannins) and triterpens. Polyphenols are largely studied and they are related to the antioxidant activity of the plants. There are several methods for evaluating the antioxidant activity, which can measured the total antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex and the antioxidant activity related to the reduction of one radical, using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The antioxidant activity of "espinheira-santa" dried leaves in different temperatures was measured in order to evaluated the possible influence of drying temperatures under its antioxidant power. Five temperatures used were (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC) and a drying routine of medicinal plants as well. Lower temperatures showed the highest antioxidant activities.
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