The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations has been established as the leading mechanism behind neutrino flavor transitions, providing solid experimental evidence that neutrinos are massive and lepton flavors are mixed. Here we review sub-leading effects in neutrino flavor transitions known as non-standard neutrino interactions, which is currently the most explored description for effects beyond the standard paradigm of neutrino oscillations. In particular, we report on the phenomenology of non-standard neutrino interactions and their experimental and phenomenological bounds as well as an outlook for future sensitivity and discovery reach.

We present a number of complete sets of series expansion formulas for neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter of constant density for three flavors. In particular, we study expansions in the mass hierarchy parameter α ≡ ∆m 2 21 /∆m 2 31 and mixing parameter s 13 ≡ sin θ 13 up to second order and expansions only in α and only in s 13 up to first order. For each type of expansion we also present the corresponding formulas for neutrino oscillations in vacuum. We perform a detailed analysis of the accuracy of the different sets of series expansion formulas and investigate which type of expansion is most accurate in different regions of the parameter space spanned by the neutrino energy E, the baseline length L, and the expansion parameters α and s 13 . We also present the formulas for series expansions in α and in s 13 up to first order for the case of arbitrary matter density profiles. Furthermore, it is shown that in general all the 18 neutrino and antineutrino oscillation probabilities can be expressed through just two independent probabilities. a

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the main candidates for the dark matter in the Universe. If these particles make up the dark matter, then they can be captured by the Sun or the Earth, sink to the respective cores, annihilate, and produce neutrinos. Thus, these neutrinos can be a striking dark matter signature at neutrino telescopes looking towards the Sun and/or the Earth. Here, we improve previous analyses on computing the neutrino yields from WIMP annihilations in several respects. We include neutrino oscillations in a full three-flavor framework as well as all effects from neutrino interactions on the way through the Sun (absorption, energy loss, and regeneration from tau decays). In addition, we study the effects of non-zero values of the mixing angle θ13 as well as the normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. Our study is performed in an event-based setting which makes these results very useful both for theoretical analyses and for building a neutrino telescope Monte Carlo code. All our results for the neutrino yields, as well as our Monte Carlo code, are publicly available. We find that the yield of muon-type neutrinos from WIMP annihilations in the Sun is enhanced or suppressed, depending on the dominant WIMP annihilation channel. This effect is due to an effective flavor mixing caused by neutrino oscillations. For WIMP annihilations inside the Earth, the distance from source to detector is too small to allow for any significant amount of oscillations at the neutrino energies relevant for neutrino telescopes.PACS numbers: 14.60. Pq, 95.85.Ry, 95.35.+d

Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed in order to enable the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. We propose to use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective and high performance neutrino beam. The baseline program for the European Spallation Source linac is that it will be fully operational at 5 MW average power by 2022, producing 2 GeV 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. Our proposal is to upgrade the linac to 10 MW average power and 28 Hz, producing 14 pulses/s for neutron production and 14 pulses/s for neutrino production. Furthermore, because of the high current required in the pulsed neutrino horn, the length of the pulses used for neutrino production needs to be compressed to a few µs with the aid of an accumulator ring. A long baseline experiment using this Super Beam and a megaton underground Water Cherenkov detector located in existing mines 300-600 km from Lund will make it possible to discover leptonic CP violation at 5 σ significance level in up to 50% of the leptonic Dirac CP-violating phase range. This experiment could also determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a significance level of more than 3 σ if this issue will not already have been settled by other experiments by then. The mass hierarchy performance could be increased by combining the neutrino beam results with those obtained from atmospheric neutrinos detected by the same large volume detector. This detector will also be used to measure the proton lifetime, detect cosmological neutrinos and neutrinos from supernova explosions. Results on the sensitivity to leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy are presented.

We derive constraints on mixed dark-matter scenarios consisting of primordial black holes (PBHs) and weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). In these scenarios, we expect a density spike of the WIMPs that are gravitationally bound to the PBHs, which results in an enhanced annihilation rate and increased indirect detection prospects. We show that such scenarios provide strong constraints on the allowed fraction of PBHs that constitutes the dark matter, depending on the WIMP mass m χ and the velocity-averaged annihilation cross-section σv . For the standard scenario with m χ = 100 GeV and σv = 3 × 10 −26 cm 3 /s, we derive bounds that are stronger than all existing bounds for PBHs with masses 10 −12 M M BH 10 4 M , where M is the solar mass, and mostly so by several orders of magnitude.

We consider the interplay of fundamental and matter-induced T violation effects in neutrino oscillations in matter. After discussing the general features of these effects we derive a simple approximate analytic expression for the T-violating probability asymmetry DeltaP(ab)(T) for three-flavour neutrino oscillations in a matter with an arbitrary density profile in terms of the two-flavour neutrino amplitudes. Explicit examples are given for the cases of a two-layer medium and for the adiabatic Emit in the general case. We then discuss implications of the obtained results for long baseline experiments. We show, in particular, that asymmetric matter effects cannot hinder the determination of the fundamental CP- and T-violating phase delta (CP) in the long baseline experiments as far as the error in this determination is larger than 1% at 99% CL. Since there are no T-violating effects in the two-flavour case, and in the limits of vanishing theta (13) or Deltam(21)(2) the three-flavour neutrino oscillations effectively reduce to the two-flavour ones, studying the T-violating asymmetries ApT ab can in principle provide us with a complementary means of measuring theta (13) and Deltam(21)(2).QC 2010052

The Coleman-Glashow sum-rule for magnetic moments is always fulfilled in the chiral quark model, independently of SU(3) symmetry breaking. This is due to the structure of the wave functions, coming from the non-relativistic quark model. Experimentally, the Coleman-Glashow sum-rule is violated by about ten standard deviations. To overcome this problem, two models of wave functions with configuration mixing are studied. One of these models violates the Coleman-Glashow sum-rule to the right degree and also reproduces the octet baryon magnetic moments rather accurately.QC 2010061

Neutrino decay in vacuum has often been considered as an alternative to neutrino oscillations. Because nonzero neutrino masses imply the possibility of both neutrino decay and neutrino oscillations, we present a model-independent formal treatment of these combined scenarios. For that, we show for the example of Majoron decay that in many cases decay products are observable and may even oscillate. Furthermore, we construct a minimal scenario in which we study the physical implications of neutrino oscillations with intermediate decays.QC 2010052