Protein-coagulant complexes were prepared from industrial whole animal blood by using zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, sodium polyphosphate, and sodium lignosulfonate, under conditions which resulted in quantitative removal of protein from the blood. The amount of coagulant found with protein in the complexes produced represented from about 80% (polyphosphate, lignosulfonate) to greater than 95% (zinc, aluminum, or iron ion) of input. The nitrogen and coagulant compositions of the aluminum sulfate and iron chloride generated complexes were significantly lower than expected compared to those of complexes generated by using zinc sulfate and ferric sulfate. Sodium lignosulfonate-protein complexes were characterized by a method using sulfur analysis, since nitrogen was found to be present in the commercial preparation used. The results demonstrate that all of the coagulant-protein complexes studied form under conditions that require only a small excess of coagulant and that the complexes contain low percentages of heavy metal ions or nutritionally beneficial (sodium polyphosphate) or nontoxic (sodium lignosulfonate) coagulants.
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