A b s t r a c tIntroduction: During the process of skin ageing, changes occur in all skin layers and all cells, including the Langerhans cells. Aim: To assess whether any quantitative difference in the number of CD1a + LC cells/mm 2 and HLA-DR + LC cells/ mm 2 as well as in their morphological features can be observed during the course of different types of skin ageing. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 60 women, which was divided into three independent groups: group I with symptoms of menopausal skin ageing, group II with symptoms of photoageing, group III with symptoms of chronological ageing. Skin biopsy samples were taken from the pre-auricular region from all of the participants. The number of CD1a + LC cells/mm 2 and HLA-DR + LC cells/mm 2 as well as their morphological features were evaluated. Results: The frequency of CD1a + LC and HLA-DR + LC in all the studied groups was diverse. In groups I and III, the LC with large cell bodies and long, multi-branched processes were the majority. In group II, the LC had small cell bodies and their processes were mainly short and unbranched.
Introduction.It is commonly known that the process of aging causes numerous barriers as far as social activity routines are concerned. Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate muscle strength on a sample of a chosen group of women above 50 years of age in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. Material and methods. 3413 women, aged 50-80 years participated and were analyzed. They were divided into six age groups. Results and conclusions. All women were subjected to three muscle strength tests. The results of the "30-second Chair Stand", "Arm Curl" and "8-foot Up and Go" tests showed the decrease of muscle strength in women, depending on age from 18.3 repetitions to 15.3 repetitions ("30-second Chair Stand") and from 21.6 repetitions to 17.1 repetitions ("Arm Curl"). In the "8-foot Up and Go", which is a complicated test evaluating both explosive muscle strength and coordination, the time necessary for performing it elongates from 5.3 seconds in the youngest group to 6.3 seconds in the oldest group. Test results indicate unmistakably that muscle strength diminishes with age. Secondly, muscle strength reduction is equally related to both upper and lower limbs. 8-foot Up and Go test, which may also be used to evaluate the risk of falling, shows that it is of great importance to shape this ability since it declines in the quickest way.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.