PurposeThe purpose of the study was to determine health-related behaviors, profile of health locus of control (HLC), and to assess the relationships between these constructs among patients suffering from chronic somatic diseases.Material and MethodsThree-hundred adult patients suffering from various chronic diseases participated in the study. The patients' mean age was 54.6 years (SD = 17.57).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the different clinical groups in health-related behavior, acceptance of illness, internal HLC or chance HLC. Patients with neurologic conditions showed slightly lower powerful others HLC than did some other clinical groups. Health-related behavior was significantly positively related to all three categories of HLC, with most prominent associations observed with powerful others HLC. Only one type of health-related behavior – preventive behavior – correlated significantly and negatively with acceptance of illness. Differences in the frequency of health-related behavior were also found due to gender (women showing more healthy nutritional habits than men), age (older subjects showing more frequent health-promoting behavior), education (higher education was associated with less frequent health-promoting behavior) and marital status (widowed subjects reporting more frequent health-promoting behavior).ConclusionsHealth-related behavior in patients with chronic diseases seems to be unrelated to a specific diagnosis; however it shows associations with both internal and external HLC. Sociodemographic factors are also crucial factors determining frequency of health-related behavior in such patients.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of emotional control with sociodemographic and clinical variables in a sample of patients with a range of chronic somatic diseases. The relationships between emotional control, coping styles and adjustment to the disease were investigated. The sample consisted of 300 patients with the mean age of 54.60 ± 17.57 years. Courtauld Emotional Control Scale was used to measure the patients' tendency to suppress negative emotions, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was used to measure coping styles and Acceptance of Illness Scale was applied to determine adjustment to the disease. Patients with neurological conditions showed significantly lower suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control were found to be related to gender, age and educational level but not to the place of residence. Task-oriented style of coping with stress correlated positively with suppression of depression and anxiety, whereas acceptance of illness correlated negatively with suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control are only weakly related to the type of diagnosis; however, some clinical samples may show lower suppression of anger. Suppression of negative emotions is weakly related to adjustment indicators such as certain coping styles and acceptance of illness.
Introduction: Worry is a repetitive cognitive process in which a person anticipates and elaborates on possible undesirable future events and their consequences. Worry, especially when excessive, was demonstrated to be closely related to psychopathology, in particular to anxiety disorders and depression. Some studies suggested that worry can play an important role in the pathomechanisms of these disorders. However, the factors determining the levels of worry are poorly understood and studied. Objectives. This study aimed at exploring possible relationships between worry and religiosity. The hypothesis was put forward that certain aspects of religiosity, such as centrality or contents of religious beliefs, emotions and experiences can either increase or prevent worry. Methods: One-hundred eighty college students (90 men and 90 women), Roman Catholics, recruited from different universities and studying varied majors, took part in the study. They completed Penn State Worry Questionnaire measuring the tendency to worry and The Structure of Religiosity Test designed to measure centrality and contents of religiosity. Results: The levels of worry were significantly statistically correlated with centrality of religiosity, with those who worried more demonstrating more central religiosity. The relationship was relatively weak, however, stable across different dimensions of centrality of religiosity. Higher levels of worry were also found to be weakly or moderately related to the contents of religiosity, strikingly, irrespective of their positive/negative value. Conclusions: Centrality of religiosity and most religious contents (emotions, experiences) may be factors predisposing to higher worry. However, this finding requires further explanation and verification in different religions and denominations.
W opracowaniu poruszono problematykę zabezpieczania przed ryzykiem starości przez dodatkowy system emerytalny w Polsce. W toku przeprowadzonych analiz weryfikacji poddano hipotezę mówiącą, że w celu skutecznego zarządzania ryzykiem starości w Polsce niezbędne jest wprowadzenie zmian w funkcjonowaniu instrumentów trzeciego filara systemu emerytalnego. W tym celu w pierwszej kolejności scharakteryzowano ryzyko starości oraz omówiono zasady funkcjonowania instrumentów trzeciego filara. Następnie przeprowadzono analizę aktualnego zakresu wykorzystania tych instrumentów. W rezultacie stwierdzono, że nie ma podstaw do odrzucenia postawionej hipotezy, co stało się podstawą do wskazania pożądanych kierunków zmian w zakresie funkcjonowania tych instrumentów. Ponadto podkreślono również wagę edukacji emerytalnej społeczeństwa.
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