SummaryBackgroundNeoplasms are the second leading cause of death in Poland after vessel diseases, despite the huge progress in medical sciences in the last 20 years. Recently, gastric cancer morbidity has decreased, but mortality is still at a high level.Material/MethodsTissues from 24 patients with a histopathologically diagnosed mucosal and adenomucosal gastric cancer were tested. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups: patients without metastases (G1) and patients with metastases in the liver (G2). In all tested tissues of G1 and G2, the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and metalloproteinase 2, respectively, were estimated.ResultsResults revealed a statistically significant increase in the VEGF expression for G1 and G2 in relation to the margin (p1<0.001; p2<0.001). The increase of gene expression for VEGF did not significantly differ statistically in G1 and G2. The obtained results revealed a statistically significant difference in the increase of gene expression for MMP-2 in G1 in relation to the margin (p<0.05) and a very high one in G2 in relation to the average margin value (p<0.001). A highly statistically significant correlation was obtained for VEGF and MMP-2 in the tissue of patients with metastases (p<0.001; r=0.714). The highly elevated expression of MMP-2 in the tissue of gastric cancer in patients with metastases confirms its participation in the invasiveness of the neoplasmatic process.ConclusionsThe highly significant correlation between VEGF and MMP-2 suggests a connection between both mechanisms in the progression of gastric cancer.
Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults in developed countries with the high impact on future patient quality of life and productivity. The traumatic injury of the vessels is one of the most dangerous types of injury, requiring a fast and reliable diagnosis and, in vast majority of cases, immediate surgical treatment. In this chapter, the authors describe various types of vascular injuries according to injury types and locations. The prehospital care algorithms in patients with vascular trauma are proposed with the emphasis on bleeding control techniques and transportation technique to the nearest hospital. In the next subsection, the various peripheral vascular injuries of specific body areas are described. The truncal vessel trauma is discussed in the next subsection, focusing on fast diagnosis and decision on surgery. In the last subsection, a problem of iatrogenic vascular injury is described due to a rapid increase of minimally invasive techniques in which a vascular injury, as a complication of therapy, may occur.
Background: Interscalene brachial plexus block is an effective regional anesthesia technique for shoulder surgeries. The superiority of the popular ultrasound-guided blocks over peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks remains unclear. In this study the efficacy of these different block techniques was compared. Methods: This prospective, randomized, clinical study included 109 patients (ASA grades I-III) who receive 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine with ultrasound-guided blocks (U group), peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks (N group), or ultrasound-guided and peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed blocks (dual guidance; NU group) for elective shoulder arthroscopy. Block onset time, duration, and effectiveness on the Lovett rating scale were assessed. Results: There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in duration of block performance, irrespective of the technique (P = 0.232). Onset time of complete warmth sensation loss (P < 0.001) and muscle strength abolition (P < 0.001) was significantly longer and mean Lovett rating scale score distribution was significantly higher in the N group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). These findings show a statistically significant correlation between the performance of the used block technique and the necessity of conversion to general anesthesia because of insufficient block in the N group (58.54%) than in the U (24.44%) and NU (19.57%) groups. Conclusions: Peripheral nerve stimulator-confirmed needle placement is not necessary to ensure effectiveness of ultrasound-guided blocks, which is expressed as a lack of necessity of conversion to general anesthesia. Nevertheless, the dual guidance technique is recommended to reduce the risk of complications and might be considered the regional anesthesia of choice for shoulder surgery.
The aim of this study was to estimate spectral properties and propagation of the EEG signals registered during sevoflurane anaesthesia between individual EEG recording channels. The intensities of activity flows were calculated for delta, theta, alpha and beta waves using the Directed Transfer Function integration procedure. It was found that delta waves played the dominant role in the EEG signal propagation during anesthesia and it was suggested that theta and alpha waves propagation could be related to the processes participating in the wakefulness control. Data obtained with DTF method were compared with data received from the analysis of cerebral blood flow with the use of PET in other laboratory. This study showed that analysis of the EEG signal propagation is useful for better understanding and thus safer induction of anaesthesia procedure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.