The development of new photonic materials is a key step toward improvement of existing optical devices and for the preparation of a new generation of systems. Therefore synthesis of photonic hybrid materials with a thorough understanding and control of the microstructure-to-properties relationships is crucial. In this perspective, a new preparation method based on fast gelation reactions using simple dispersion of dyes without strong covalent bonding between dye and matrix has been developed. This new sol-gel method is demonstrated through synthesis of monolithic siloxane-based hybrid materials highly doped by various platinum(II) acetylide derivatives. Concentrations of the chromophores as high as 400 mM were obtained and resulted in unprecedented optical power limiting (OPL) performance at 532 nm of the surface-polished solids. Static and time-resolved photoluminescence of the prepared hybrid materials were consistent with both OPL data and previous studies of similar Pt(II) compounds in solution. The impacts of the microstructure and the chemical composition of the matrix on the spectroscopic properties, are discussed.

A series of four new trans-diphosphine Pt(II) diacetylide complexes, with a thiophene and two benzenoid rings in each acetylide ligand, have been synthesized and characterized with respect to optical absorption, spectrally and time-resolved luminescence, and optically nonlinear properties such as two-photon absorption cross section and optical power limiting. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of a few ground state conformations of three Pt(II) diacetylide structures showed similar total energy for each geometry-optimized rotamer but some differences in the vertical excitation energies and in the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer character. The wavelengths of the calculated excitations were found to be red-shifted compared with peaks in the optical absorption spectra, but the general trends and shifts of wavelengths between the different structures are well reproduced. Static emission spectra for degassed samples in THF solution of the larger compounds showed small Stokes shifts and low fluorescence quantum yields, indicating fast intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold. More pronounced differences between the compounds were displayed in the phosphorescence data, in terms of spectral emission wavelengths and decay times. For instance, the phosphorescence decay of the compound with the thiophene ring close to the Pt center was found to be significantly faster than for the other compounds. A possible relationship between triplet lifetime and conformation of the compounds is discussed. It was also demonstrated that the quenching of the excited triplet states in air-saturated samples involves energy transfer to the oxygen triplet state, and subsequent generation of singlet oxygen showing the typical emission at approximately 1275 nm. The amount of produced singlet oxygen followed the phosphorescence yields of the solute molecules. Two-photon absorption cross sections (sigma(2)) were measured and showed values on the order of 10 GM at 780 nm for all compounds. Optical power limiting measurements of the new complexes in THF using 5 ns pulses, showed only slightly better performance at the wavelength of 532 nm compared to that of similar platinum compounds with only two aryl rings in each ligand. At 600 nm the complexes with three aryl rings were significantly better optical limiters than the smaller compounds with two aryl rings in the ligands.

Resistance development in insects significantly threatens the important benefits obtained by insecticide usage in vector control of disease-transmitting insects. Discovery of new chemical entities with insecticidal activity is highly desired in order to develop new insecticide candidates. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenoxyacetamide-based inhibitors of the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1). AChE1 is a validated insecticide target to control mosquito vectors of, e.g., malaria, dengue, and Zika virus infections. The inhibitors combine a mosquito versus human AChE selectivity with a high potency also for the resistance-conferring mutation G122S; two properties that have proven challenging to combine in a single compound. Structure−activity relationship analyses and molecular dynamics simulations of inhibitor−protein complexes have provided insights that elucidate the molecular basis for these properties. We also show that the inhibitors demonstrate in vivo insecticidal activity on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Our findings support the concept of noncovalent, selective, and resistance-breaking inhibitors of AChE1 as a promising approach for future insecticide development.