The aim of the present study is to evaluate the energy balance and energy efficiency of the silage maize crop in the Center for Research, Development and Technology Transfer of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (CDTT-UFLA). The crop was irrigated by center pivot and the stages of maize cultivation and energy inputs were monitored for the 1st and 2nd crops of the 2014/2015 harvest. Results from the energy analysis showed the crop had a total energy input of 45,643.85 MJ ha-1 and 47,303.60 MJ ha-1 for the 1st and 2nd crops and a significant predominance of direct energy type (about 92% of the matrix). Regarding direct energy inputs, the diesel oil was the most representative, contributing with approximately 38% of the total energy demand. Conversely, the irrigation system contribute with 3.92% e 5.97% in the 1st and 2nd crops, representing the largest indirect energy input. Nevertheless, irrigation and crop management allowed the system achieving high levels of productivity, resulting in an energy efficiency of 25.1 and 28.1 for the first and second crops respectively.
Distribution centers (DCs) play important poles in supply chain managements. How to decide an effective and reasonable distribution center location is a first goal for supply chain design, which directly influences the efficiency of the network of facilities and activities that procure, produce, and distribute goods to customers. In the previous literatures, authors seldom consider unexpected events, such as snowstorm, flood, earthquake, bird flu, SARS, highway jam, and war, which affect their performances. In this paper, we design DC location model in integrated cost (or profit), transportation reliability, and studies their impacts on optimal supply chain decisions.
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