The recent discovery of two independently evolved XX/XY sex determination systems in the snake genera Python and Boa sparked a new drive to study the evolution of sex chromosomes in poorly studied lineages of snakes, where female heterogamety was previously assumed. Therefore, we examined seven species from the genera Eryx, Cylindrophis, Python, and Tropidophis by conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods. Despite the fact that these species have similar karyotypes in terms of chromosome number and morphology, we detected variability in the distribution of heterochromatin, telomeric repeats, and rDNA loci. Heterochromatic blocks were mainly detected in the centromeric regions in all species, although accumulations were detected in pericentromeric and telomeric regions in a few macrochromosomes in several of the studied species. All species show the expected topology of telomeric repeats at the edge of all chromosomes, with the exception of Eryx muelleri, where additional accumulations were detected in the centromeres of three pairs of macrochromosomes. The rDNA loci accumulate in one pair of microchromosomes in all Eryx species and in Cylindrophis ruffus, in one macrochromosome pair in Tropidophis melanurus and in two pairs of microchromosomes in Python regius. Sex-specific differences were not detected, suggesting that these species likely have homomorphic, poorly differentiated sex chromosomes.
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The paper is focused on evaluation the financial support from Program obnovy dediny na Slovensku (The village renewal programme in Slovakia) Keywords: financial support, the village renewal programme, micro regional associations, Slovakia
ÚvodGrantové schémy predstavujú jeden z nástrojov cieleného rozvoja regiónu. V západnej Európe ma dlhodobú tradíciu podpora udržania človeka v obci a na vidieku vo všeobecnosti. Slovenským nástrojom na podporu mikroprojektov na vidieku je už viac ako 10 rokov Program obnovy dediny (POD). Príspevok sa zaoberá analýzou využitia finančných zdrojov z tohto programu pre rozvoj mikroregiónov na Slovensku. Analyzované boli projekty v časovom rozpätí 1998 -2012, ktorých žiadateľmi a realizátormi boli mikroregionálne združenia obcí na Slovensku.
Program obnovy dedinyProgram obnovy dediny (POD) je slovenskou podobou nástroja rozvoja vidieka v štátoch západnej Európy, ktorého motívom je udržať človeka na vidieku. Jeho hlavným cieľom je "udržať človeka na vidieku vytvorením ekonomických, organizačných a odborných predpokladov podpory vidieckych komunít k tomu, aby sa vlastnými silami snažili o harmonický rozvoj zdravého životného prostredia, zachovávanie prírodných a kultúrnych hodnôt vidieckej krajiny a rozvoj environmentálne vhodných hospodárskych aktivít s dôrazom na identitu a špecifiká tohto prostredia." V obnove dediny je dôležitá spoluúčasť jej obyvateľov a spolupráca odborníkov smerovaná k zachovaniu kultúrnej kontinuity, tradícií a charakteristického vzhľadu vidieckeho sídla a krajiny (Cimermanová, 2011).
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