The revolution in low-cost consumer photography and computation provides fertile opportunity for a disruptive reduction in the cost of biomedical imaging. Conventional approaches to low-cost microscopy are fundamentally restricted, however, to modest field of view (FOV) and/or resolution. We report a low-cost microscopy technique, implemented with a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and color camera combined with Fourier ptychography (FP), to computationally construct 25-megapixel images with sub-micron resolution. New image-construction techniques were developed to enable the use of the low-cost Bayer color sensor, to compensate for the highly aberrated re-used camera lens and to compensate for misalignments associated with the 3D-printed microscope structure. This high ratio of performance to cost is of particular interest to high-throughput microscopy applications, ranging from drug discovery and digital pathology to health screening in low-income countries. 3D models and assembly instructions of our microscope are made available for open source use.
Low-cost, sub-micron resolution, wide-field 1 computational microscopy using opensource 2 hardware 3 4 ABSTRACT 11 The revolution in low-cost consumer photography and computation provides fertile 12 opportunity for a disruptive reduction in the cost of biomedical imaging. Conventional 13 approaches to low-cost microscopy are fundamentally restricted, however, to modest field of 14 view (FOV) and/or resolution. We report a low-cost microscopy technique, implemented with 15a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and color camera combined with Fourier ptychography 16 (FP), to computationally construct 25-megapixel images with sub-micron resolution. New 17 image-construction techniques were developed to enable the use of the low-cost Bayer color 18 sensor, to compensate for the highly aberrated re-used camera lens and to compensate for 19 misalignments associated with the 3D-printed microscope structure. This high ratio of 20 performance to cost is of particular interest to high-throughput microscopy applications, 21 ranging from drug discovery and digital pathology to health screening in low-income countries. 22 3D models and assembly instructions of our microscope are made available for open source 23 use. 24 405 Instructions to build a Raspberry Pi 406 Fourier ptychographic computational 407 microscope 408This document provides instructions to build a low-cost computational microscope reported in 409 the manuscript: "Low-cost, sub-micron resolution, wide-field computational microscopy with 410Raspberry Pi hardware". The CAD files and data acquisition codes can be downloaded from 411
Extracting as much information as possible about an object when probing with a limited number of photons is an important goal with applications from biology and security to metrology. Imaging with a few photons is a challenging task as the detector noise and stray light are then predominant, which precludes the use of conventional imaging methods. Quantum correlations between photon pairs has been exploited in a so called ‘heralded imaging scheme’ to eliminate this problem. However these implementations have so-far been limited to intensity imaging and the crucial phase information is lost in these methods. In this work, we propose a novel quantum-correlation enabled Fourier Ptychography technique, to capture high-resolution amplitude and phase images with a few photons. This is enabled by the heralding of single photons combined with Fourier ptychographic reconstruction. We provide experimental validation and discuss the advantages of our technique that include the possibility of reaching a higher signal to noise ratio and non-scanning Fourier Ptychographic acquisition.
We demonstrate aperture-synthetic diffracted field measurement using multiple mutually incoherent cameras in Fourier ptychography to provide a scaleable increase in data acquisition bandwidth. Our nine-camera system enables an order of magnitude improvement in image acquisition speed.
The ability of a microscope to rapidly acquire wide-field, high-resolution images is limited by both the optical performance of the microscope objective and the bandwidth of the detector. The use of multiple detectors can increase electronic-acquisition bandwidth, but the use of multiple parallel objectives is problematic since phase coherence is required across the multiple apertures. We report a new synthetic-aperture microscopy technique based on Fourier ptychography, where both the illumination and image-space numerical apertures are synthesized, using a spherical array of low-power microscope objectives that focus images onto mutually incoherent detectors. Phase coherence across apertures is achieved by capturing diffracted fields during angular illumination and using ptychographic reconstruction to synthesize wide-field, high-resolution, amplitude and phase images. Compared to conventional Fourier ptychography, the use of multiple objectives reduces image acquisition times by increasing the area for sampling the diffracted field. We demonstrate the proposed scaleable architecture with a nine-objective microscope that generates an 89-megapixel, 1.1 µm resolution image nine-times faster than can be achieved with a single-objective Fourier-ptychographic microscope. New calibration procedures and reconstruction algorithms enable the use of low-cost 3D-printed components for longitudinal biological sample imaging. Our technique offers a route to high-speed, gigapixel microscopy, for example, imaging the dynamics of large numbers of cells at scales ranging from sub-micron to centimetre, with an enhanced possibility to capture rare phenomena.
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