Tyrimo pagrindimas. Vizualus grįžtamasis ryšys yra svarbus judesių mokymosi procesui, kuris reabilitacijos srityje naudojamas esant įvairiems funkciniams sutrikimams, tačiau trūksta tyrimų, analizuojančių kineziterapijos su vizualiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu ir be jo poveikį sergančiųjų kaklinės stuburo dalies radikulopatija skausmo intensyvumui, funkcinei būklei ir motyvacijai. Tikslas – įvertinti sergančiųjų kaklinės stuburo dalies radikulopatija skausmo intensyvumo, motyvacijos ir funkcinių rodiklių kaitą taikant kineziterapiją su grįžtamuoju ryšiu ir be jo. Metodai. Buvo tirta 18 asmenų, kuriems diagnozuota kaklinės stuburo dalies radikulopatija. Jie buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes. Pirmai grupei (n = 9) buvo taikoma kineziterapija be vizualaus grįžtamojo ryšio, antrai (n = 9) – kineziterpija su vizualiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu atliekant pratimus prieš veidrodį ir naudojant „Stabilizer“ slėgio matavimo prietaisą. Prieš intervenciją ir po jos buvo vertintas skausmo intensyvumas, galvos ir kaklo judesių amplitudės, kaklo lenkiamųjų raumenų funkcija bei tiriamųjų motyvacija. Rezultatai. Abiejose tiriamosiose grupėse sumažėjo skausmo intensyvumas (p < 0,05). Po kineziterapijos abiejų grupių tiriamųjų aktyvios galvos ir kaklo judesių amplitudės statistiškai reikšmingai padidėjo (p  <  0,05) ir atitiko normas. Giliųjų galvos ir kaklo lenkiamųjų raumenų ištvermė abiejose grupėse reikšmingai nepakito (p > 0,05). Po kineziterapijos su vizualiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu padidėjo tiriamųjų vidinės motyvacijos rodikliai (p < 0,05). Išvados. Taikant kineziterapiją su vizualiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu ir be jo, sumažėjo sergančiųjų kaklinės stuburo dalies radikulopatija skausmo intensyvumas ir pagerėjo judesių amplitudė. Kineziterapija su vizualiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu buvo veiksmingesnė gerinant motyvaciją. Raktažodžiai: radikulopatija, kaklo skausmas, kineziterapija, vizualus grįžtamasis ryšys, motyvacija.

Research background. The recovery of quadriceps femoris muscle strength after total knee arthroplasty is suboptimal. Quadriceps weakness is associated withdecreased gait speed, balance, stair–climbing and chair rise ability, as well as increased risk for falls. Scientifc data about the impact of physiotherapy methods for quadriceps strength is ambiguous.The goal of research was to review and analyse studies evaluating effectivenessof physiotherapy for quadriceps femoris strength after total knee arthroplasty.Methods. Fourteen full articles in English, published in 2006–2016, were selected and analysed; the articles met the following criteria: randomised controlled trials were reviewed if they assessed quadriceps strength, and compared two or morephysiotherapy methods after primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.Results. In total 1011 people after total knee arthroplasty participated in theanalysed studies. The impact of progressive strength training, aquatic physicaltherapy, and resistance exercises using vibration plate, neuromuscular electricalstimulation, preoperative physiotherapy, traditional physiotherapy and telerehabilitation were assessed. It has been specifed that quadriceps strength signifcantlyincreases and functional status improves using various physiotherapy methods,but the most effcient methods are unclear, the data of the studies are ambiguous.Conclusions. Various physiotherapy methods are used for the improvement ofthe quadriceps muscle strength after total knee arthroplasty: preoperative physiotherapy, resistance exercises, aquatic physiotherapy, whole body vibration, neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Telerehabilitation is as effective as traditionalrehabilitation in patients after total knee arthroplasty. There is a lack of scientifcresearch that would deny or confrm the advantages of less frequently used physiotherapy methods against traditional physiotherapy, as well as the recommendations of their use after total knee arthroplasty.

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Background. Results from the previous studies indicated benefits of training on unstable surfaces in various populations. Drawing upon them we hypothesized that training on unstable surfaces would help runners improve balance and lower extremity functional indicators.Methods. The study included 20 adolescent athletes from Kaunas sports school “Startas”, aged 12–13 years, boys and girls running short and long distances. Their training consisted of 20 minute exercises on unstable surfaces performed two times a week. Participants were tested before and after applying the program. The tests applied were Y balance test, calf muscle strength testing with a Lafayette dynamometer, Single-legged Hop tests, T-test.Results. Groups of short- and long- distance runners had better (p < .05) calf muscle strength of both legs after exercises on unstable surfaces program. Both groups also improved 6 m HOP test results of both lower extremities (p < .05). Some of the dynamic balance indicators statistically significantly improved after exercises on unstable surfaces in the groups of short- and long- distance adolescent runners. T-test results after exercises on unstable surface program improved (p < .05) in long- distance runner group (from 14.03 (12.44; 14.95; 13.85) s to 13.94 (12.36; 14.52; 13.65) s) and there were differences between short- and long- distance runner groups before and after exercises on unstable surfaces (p < .05).Conclusion. This research showed that training on unstable surfaces helps runners to improve balance and lower extremity functional indicators and we recommend to include exercises on unstable surfaces to their training.