Highlights Literature review constraints included FMD, parasites, brucellosis, and PPR. Expert workshops added CCPP, CBPP, mastitis, and reproductive disorders. Most constraints manageable with existing technologies / best husbandry practices. Systemic challenges limit livestock keepers’ access to vet services and inputs.

Background: Bridelia micrantha, Chenopodium ambrosoides and Ocimum americanum plant species are commonly used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments. The extracts of these plants have been shown to have anti-schistosomal activity suggesting that they could be used for the development of new chemical entities (NCEs) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. However there is limited knowledge on their toxicological profile and their use in traditional medicine may not be a satisfactory safety indication.Methods: In this study the extracts were first screened for bioactivity using brine shrimp lethality test for the determination of LC50 followed by rodent acute toxicity and 28 day subchronic studies.Results: B. micrantha water extract with a LC50 of 77µg/ml was deemed toxic while C. ambrosoides methanol and water extracts were moderately toxic with LC50 of 104.63µg/ml and 696.44µg/ml respectively. O. americanum hexane and water extracts toxicity varied from moderate to slightly toxic with LC50 of 887.59µg/ml and 2254.60µg/ml respectively. C. ambrosoides and O. americanum water extracts which were preferentially selected for subsequent studies were found to have mild to no irritation to rodent eyes and skin. Moreover, the aminotransferases AST and ALT which were used to detect liver injury suggested negligible effect.Conclusions: This therefore confirms that C. ambrosoides and O. americanum water extracts are safe for clinical use with O. americanum water extract having a slight edge.

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