A fully‐automatic image analysis method is described for the comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the morphology of filamentous mycelia grown in submerged cultures. The method not only allows rapid measurement of important morphological parameters on freely dispersed mycelia but also provides a novel characterization of the aggregated (clumped) form. The latter can constitute more than 90% of the biomass in some fermentations and might therefore be expected to have a major influence on broth rheology, fermenter mixing, mass transfer, and hence fermentation productivity. Clumps are characterized not only in terms of the percentage of mycelia in this form, as in earlier work, but also in terms of clump area, perimeter, compactness, and roughness. The method has been tested on laboratory‐scale Streptomyces clavuligerus and Penicillium chrysogenum fermentations. It is not only more comprehensive than previous methods but also faster and thus will permit more extensive physiological and engineering studies on mycelial fermentations than has previously been possible.
Figure 1: Procedural Parcel Generation. Our method creates parcels inside city blocks (f,i) using two different subdivision techniques -skeleton (g, shaded part of f) or OBB (h, unshaded part of f). The subdivision attributes are automatically extracted from observed real-world cities (a,b,c) or determined by the user. The resulting parcel configurations closely resemble real-world subdivisions, as shown by our statistical and visual comparison of procedural and observed parcel datasets (d,e). AbstractWe present a method for interactive procedural generation of parcels within the urban modeling pipeline. Our approach performs a partitioning of the interior of city blocks using user-specified subdivision attributes and style parameters. Moreover, our method is both robust and persistent in the sense of being able to map individual parcels from before an edit operation to after an edit operation -this enables transferring most, if not all, customizations despite small to large-scale interactive editing operations. The guidelines guarantee that the resulting subdivisions are functionally and geometrically plausible for subsequent building modeling and construction. Our results include visual and statistical comparisons that demonstrate how the parcel configurations created by our method can closely resemble those found in real-world cities of a large variety of styles. By directly addressing the block subdivision problem, we intend to increase the editability and realism of the urban modeling pipeline and to become a standard in parcel generation for future urban modeling methods.
We present an interactive procedural modeling system for the exterior of architectural models. Our modeling system is based on procedural extrusions of building footprints. The main novelty of our work is that we can model difficult architectural surfaces in a procedural framework, e.g. curved roofs, overhanging roofs, dormer windows, interior dormer windows, roof constructions with vertical walls, buttresses, chimneys, bay windows, columns, pilasters, and alcoves. We present a user interface to interactively specify procedural extrusions, a sweep plane algorithm to compute a two-manifold architectural surface, and applications to architectural modeling.
Fig. 1. Structured Urban Reconstruction. Given street-level imagery, GIS footprints, and a coarse 3D mesh (left), we formulate a global optimization to automatically fuse these noisy, incomplete, and conflicting data sources to create building footprints (middle: colored horizontal polygons) with profiles (vertical ribbons shown for several footprints) and attached building façades (vertical rectangles). The output encodes a structured urban model (right) including the walls, roof, and associated building elements (e.g., windows, balconies, roof, wall color, etc.). Inset below: A reference aerial image.The creation of high-quality semantically parsed 3D models for dense metropolitan areas is a fundamental urban modeling problem. Although recent advances in acquisition techniques and processing algorithms have resulted in large-scale imagery or 3D polygonal reconstructions, such data-sources are typically noisy, and incomplete, with no semantic structure. In this paper, we present an automatic data fusion technique that produces high-quality structured models of city blocks. From coarse polygonal meshes, street-level imagery, and GIS footprints, we formulate a binary integer program that globally balances sources of error to produce semantically parsed mass models with associated façade elements. We demonstrate our system on four city regions of varying complexity; our examples typically contain densely built urban blocks spanning hundreds of buildings. In our largest example, we produce a structured model of 37 city blocks spanning a total of 1,011 buildings at a scale and quality previously impossible to achieve automatically.
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