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A laboratory scale sulfate-reducing bioreactor column study was used to investigate removal of arsenic, selenium, and sulfate in neutral to alkaline simulated mine water. Selenium was effectively removed as insoluble elemental selenium from 200 lg/L to below the maximum contaminant level (50 lg/L). With the addition of ferrous chloride in the influent, arsenic was also effectively removed to near the maximum contaminant level (10 lg/ L). Sulfate removal was apparently limited by the presence of undissociated hydrogen sulfide, which was found to limit sulfate-reducing bacterial activity in the range of 20-40 mg/L and will need to be considered for sulfatereducing bacteria treatment system designs.