Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were diluted with distilled water 10 2 to 10 7 times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 10 2 of original vinegar and 10 3 of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce, watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum).
SynopsisCellulose prepared from beech wood ( F a g w crenata Blume) was treated in a corona discharge. The chemical changes produced by the treatment were investigated by use of infrared spectrum, Schiff's reaction, adsorption of methylene blue and Orange 11, and intrinsic viscosity. Infrared absorption bands at 1382 and 1715 cm-' were formed. The color reaction with Schiff 's reagent indicated that the 1715 cm-' absorption was due to the aldehyde group and not to the carboxyl group. The intrinsic viscosity was decreased by the air corona treatment, but was not affected by nitrogen corona treatment. The adsorption of methylene blue was not increased by corona treatment., indicating that no acidic groups were formed. Adsorption of Orange I1 indicated that some basic groups were formed by the nitrogen corona after a long treatment time. Low molecular weight fractions showing the 1382 cm-' infrared absorption band were formed by corona treatment. These fractions were removed from cellulose by washing with water, and they increased with an increase in the treatment time. The absorption band a t 1382 em-' was assigned to the symmetric carbonhydrogen bending of methyl group.
Gypsum particleboard (GPB) has high thickness swelling (TS), high water absorption (WA), and low mechanical properties compared with cement-bonded particleboard. The properties of GPB were improved by adding cement. The experimental results showed that GPB with the added cement had good physical and mechanical properties compared with those of gypsum particleboard with no added cement. The TS and WA of gypsum particleboard with added cement were reduced by 10%. The mechanical properties of GPB, such as internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE), increased when the GPB was made with added cement. The properties of GPB improved relative to the quantity of cement added. With an increase of cement content from 5% to 10%, the TS and WA were reduced, and the IB, MOR, and MOE were increased. In contrast, the TS and WA increased and the IB, MOE, and MOR decreased when the cement content was increased from 15% to 30%. Thus the physical and mechanical properties of GPB were successfully improved when the added cement content was 10%.
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