A rare case of Aarskog syndrome is presented. The Aarskog syndrome is characterized by short stature with typical facial, digital, and genital anomalies.
A clinical study of the adverse effects induced by the endocrine therapy with a high dose of estrogen in 45 patients with stage C or D prostatic carcinoma is conducted. Transient decreases of hemoglobin and serum protein values were observed after administration of estrogen. The levels of glutamine-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase showed a transient increase. The value of serum total cholesterol and electrolytes showed no changes. Serial evaluations of electrocardiograms have played a minor role in the observation of cardiovascular disease. Up to date we have not experienced cardiovascular death in our cases during the endocrine therapy.
We had a chance to see striated muscle fibers in the biopsy specimen of the prostate. We examined the prostate specimens of autopsied cases and biopsy specimens. The distribution of striated muscle fibers was studied with an immunohistochemical method for myoglobin to obtain their anatomical distribution in detail. We showed that the striated external sphincter muscle fibers were present in the peripheral zone of the prostatic gland (9.1%). Therefore, if striated muscle fibers are found in biopsy specimens of prostatic cancer, pathologists and urologists should not diagnose simply that the cancer invades beyond the prostatic capsule.
Abundant stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) produces various microenvironmental < niche> factors. PDAC organoids have different dependencies on niche factors; while there are PDAC subtypes independent of niche factors as represented by conventional pancreatic cancer cell lines, there are also PDAC subtypes that strongly depend on niche factors. We performed the PDAC subtype classification based on niche dependency and their morphological phenotypes and investigated the correlation between niche dependency and drug treatment response. Methods: PDAC organoids were validated the morphology compared with the primary tissue. The proliferation assay was performed in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (serum medium) or with niche factors (niche medium), respectively. Niche dependent organoids and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were cocultured in serum medium to evaluate their organogenesis. Gemcitabine was administered to niche dependent/independent organoids, and the drug sensitivity was compared. Results: All eight PDAC organoids retained the morphological features in the primary tumors and were classified into poorly, moderately, and well differentiated subtypes. While all the poorly differentiated subtypes showed significantly higher proliferation in serum medium, all the well differentiated subtypes showed significantly higher proliferation in niche medium. When directly cocultured with PSCs, niche dependent organoid strongly formed the organoid structure in serum medium. The viability assay using Gemcitabine showed niche dependent organoids had more resistance to Gemcitabine than the independent organoids.
Conclusion:The niche dependency was correlated with the tumor differentiation. Niche dependent PDAC organoids had more resistance to chemotherapy than the independent organoids.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.