Background and aims: Vascular pathologies (hypertensive disorders and diabetes) associated with pregnancy are important public health problem in Benin because of their frequencies and their complications. This study aims to analyze maternal and perinatal complications of vascular pathologies associated with pregnancy. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study used retrospective data collected over a three-year period. All mothers who presented a vascular pathology and their newborns during the study period at the Clinique Universitaire de Gynécologie obstétrique (CUGO) of Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou were included. Maternal complications associated neurological, hematological, cardio-pulmonary and renal complications whereas perinatal complications included intrauterine growth restriction, fetal asphyxia, prematurity, neonatal resuscitation, low birthweight and perinatal death. Factors associated to the complications were identified by using chi-square test and a multivariate binary logistic regression model. Analyzes were performed with SAS software version 9.4. Results: The frequency of vascular pathologies associated with pregnancy was 14.95%. Diabetes was associated in 4.57%. Their evolutions were marked by the occurrence of numerous maternal complications dominated by retroplacental hematoma (12.08%), eclampsia (08.37%) which passed through signs of eclampsism (21.07%); and hellp syndrome. Perinatal complications were dominated by prematurity (43.07%), low birthweight (29.12%), fetal asphyxia (12.32%) and perinatal death (18.59%). These complications were associated with the precocity of the diagnosis, admission mode and the importance of proteinuria. Conclusion: Maternal and perinatal complications of vascular pathologies associated with pregnancy are frequent in current obstetric practice. It is therefore urgent to implement health promotion interventions targeting the factors associated with them in order to reverse the trends.
Background: In Benin, adherence to intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in pregnant women is below national indicators. This study aimed to determine the rate of IPT1, IPT2, and IPT3 and to investigate the sociodemographic and gyneco-obstetrical factors associated with IPTp's intake. Methods: During a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2017 to February 2018 in southern Benin, 422 women, pregnant in the last trimester or who gave birth less than a month ago were included. Sociodemographic, gynecological and obstetric factors were collected. Logistic regression model was fitted to search for factors associated with IPT's use. Results: The rates of IPT1, IPT2 and IPT3 were 36.49%, 26.78% and 11.14% respectively. Primiparous mothers (OR=1.31 [1.11-1.92]), women who had attended at least 4 antenatal care visits (ACV) (OR=12. 93 [6.27-26.64]) and those who received IPT counseling during their ACV (OR=5.27 [3.02-9.17]) were more likely to take IPT. Conversely, the increase in women's age was associated with a lower probability of taking IPT (OR=0.56 [0.51-0.92]). No significant association was found with marital status (p=0.37) and schooling level (p=0.38). Conclusion: This study confirmed the low use of IPTp for all doses. Our findings suggest strengthening public health interventions to increase women's participation in prenatal consultations by targeting older and multiparous women. Intervention such as organizing intra-community prenatal consultations in addition to those organized at the health center would be useful to improve the national coverage of the IPTp.
This study aimed to identify the contribution of maternal undernutrition, characterized by maternal weight status and short stature, on the risk of Intra Uterine Growth Restriction. During June 2007 and July 2008, we carried out a cross-sectional study in three health centers in Benin. Mothers and newborns characteristics and anthropometric measurements were collected at delivery. IUGR was defined as a birth weight below the 10 th percentile of William's sex-specific reference curve of birth weight-forgestational-age. Logistic regression was performed for statistical analysis. A total of 526 mothers and their newborns were enrolled. The prevalence of IUGR was 25.3%. Maternal low weight status and short stature (<155cm) accounted for 29.8% and 26.2% respectively. Maternal low weight status (OR=2.53, p<0.000), primiparity (OR=1.98, p=0.01) and Male gender (OR=1.68, p=0.01) were significantly associated with a higher risk of IUGR. Maternal short stature was related to the risk of IUGR in univariate analysis (p=0.02) but no longer in multivariate (p=0.13). Maternal stature and weight status (i.e pre pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain) are main determinants of IUGR in LMIC's. This result confirms the urgent need of public health interventions to improve nutritional status of women of childbearing age before pregnancy, or during initial stages of pregnancy.
Objective: Study the epidemiological and anatomopathological characteristics of breast tumors of young woman.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and evaluative cross-sectional study of patients treated for a breast tumor between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 in two hospitals in Cotonou. All the complete files of patients under the age of 40 treated for breast tumors of whatever nature were listed. The patients were recalled for clinical and / or radiological evaluation. The epidemiological and histological characteristics of breast tumors were analyzed. Results: The study involved 231 breast tumors including 12 cancers (5.2%) and 219 benign tumors (94.8%). The mean age of the patients was 25.7 years±7.2. Self-examination was the most common discovery (81%). The average consultation time was 6.4 months. The right breast and the upper-external quadrant were the most affected in 53% and 31.1%, respectively. Fibroadenomas (70.7%) and invasive ductal carcinomas (9/12) were the most frequent. Obesity and a family history of breast cancer were associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in young women (p ≤ 5%). The relative risk of developing breast cancer was practically zero before the age of 30. Benign breast tumors spontaneously regressed in part or in whole in 35.3% of cases (n=55), they were stable in 44.8% of cases (n=70) and increased in volume in 19.8% of cases (n=31). The age of diagnosis strongly influenced the evolution of tumors in the young woman in Cotonou (p=0.02). In 56% of cases, breast tumors diagnosed before the age of 20 spontaneously resolved in part and in whole. The breast cancer case fatality in women under 40 was 11.1%. Conclusion: Breast tumors in young women are mostly benign. More than half of these tumors diagnosed before the age of 20 resolve spontaneously. The risk of breast cancer is virtually zero before the age of 30 in our series.
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