Seven novel, cold-adapted, strictly aerobic, facultatively oligotrophic strains, isolated from Antarctic sea water, were investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, motile, rod-shaped cells that were psychrotolerant and moderately halophilic. Buds were produced on mother and daughter cells and on prosthecae. Prostheca formation was peritrichous and prosthecae could be branched. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the c-Proteobacteria and are related to the genus Alteromonas, with 98?3 % sequence similarity to Alteromonas macleodii and 98?0 % to Alteromonas marina, their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the isolates were very similar and included C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c, C 17 : 1 v8c and C 18 : 1 v8c as the major fatty acid components. These results support the affiliation of these isolates to the genus Alteromonas. DNA-DNA hybridization results and differences in phenotypic characteristics show that the strains represent a novel species with a DNA G+C content of 43-45 mol%. The name Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; the type strain is ANT 69a T (=LMG 21861). An emended description of the genus Alteromonas is given.The genus Alteromonas belongs to the c-Proteobacteria and was created by Baumann et al. (1972) for marine, Gramnegative, heterotrophic bacteria that are motile by a single, polar flagellum. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the genus was revised in 1995 to contain a single species, Alteromonas macleodii, and the remaining species were reclassified as Pseudoalteromonas (Gauthier et al., 1995). In 1993, the yellow-grey-pigmented species 'Alteromonas rava', which is able to produce a novel antibiotic, was described (Kodama et al., 1993), but the species name has not yet been validly published. A mesophilic, heterotrophic bacterium, isolated from sea water that was collected near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, was identified as A. macleodii, but it was classified as a novel subspecies, 'A. macleodii subsp. fijiensis', on the basis of a relatively low DNA-DNA hybridization level (<90 %, but >70 %), metabolic differences between the type strain and the novel strain, the ability of the novel bacterium to produce a unique exopolysaccharide and the isolation source (Raguénès et al., 1996). The subspecies name 'A. macleodii subsp. fijiensis'has not yet been validly published. Raguénès et al. (1997) proposed a novel Alteromonas species, 'Alteromonas infernus', for a polysaccharide-producing bacterium that was isolated from the surface of the vestimentiferan worm Riftia pachyptila, which inhabits sites near hydrothermal vents. The name of this novel species, however, has also not been validly published. Romanenko et al. (1994) described a novel species, Alteromonas fuliginea, but phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence data revealed that this species is related more closely to Pseudoalteromonas haloplank...
Glaciecola polaris sp. nov., a novel budding and prosthecate bacterium from the Arctic Ocean, and emended description of the genus Glaciecola Four strains of cold-adapted, strictly aerobic and facultative oligotrophic bacteria were isolated from polar seas and investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Two strains (LMG 21857 T and LMG 21854) derive from Arctic sea water whereas the other two strains (LMG 21855 and LMG 21858) were isolated from Antarctic sea water. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the c-subclass of the Proteobacteria and are related to the genus Glaciecola, with 98?0-99?7 % sequence similarity to Glaciecola mesophila and 94?2-95?3 % sequence similarity to Glaciecola punicea, their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Two strains (LMG 21855 and LMG 21858) were identified as G. mesophila, whereas DNA-DNA hybridization results and differences in phenotypic characteristics showed that the other two strains (LMG 21857 T and LMG 21854) constitute a novel species within the genus Glaciecola, with a DNA G+C content of 44?0 mol%. The isolates are Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, motile, rod-shaped cells that are psychrotolerant and moderately halophilic. Buds can be produced on mother cells and on prosthecae. Branch formation of prosthecae occurs. Whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the isolates are very similar and include C 16 : 0 and C 16 : 1 v7c as the major fatty acid components. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic properties, a novel species of the genus Glaciecola is described, for which the name Glaciecola polaris sp. nov. is proposed, with isolate LMG 21857 T (=CIP 108324 T =ARK 150 T ) as the type strain. An emended description of the genus Glaciecola is presented.
Five heterotrophic, aerobic, halotolerant and pigmented bacterial strains with gliding motility were isolated from Antarctic sea water; one other isolate was collected from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the Gulf of Peter the Great in the Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains are members of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the nearest neighbour (with 97·1 % sequence similarity) being the misclassified species [Cytophaga] marinoflava. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the six novel isolates represent a single species distinct from [C.] marinoflava. On the basis of its separate phylogenetic lineage (the nearest neighbours show 92 % sequence similarity), [C.] marinoflava is reclassified as Leeuwenhoekiella marinoflava gen. nov., comb. nov. A second species of this new genus, Leeuwenhoekiella aequorea sp. nov., is proposed for the six novel isolates, with strain LMG 22550T (=CCUG 50091T) as the type strain.
Four nitrite-dissimilating strains, isolated from Weser Estuary sediments, were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the ‘Betaproteobacteria’ and are related to the genus Alcaligenes. The highest level of sequence similarity (100 %) was found with strain M3A (=ATCC 700596), a dimethyl sulfide-producing marine isolate that was included in this study. DNA–DNA hybridizations between the five strains and related Alcaligenes faecalis strains confirmed that the former belong to a single and novel species within the genus Alcaligenes. The isolates are Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped cells with a DNA G+C content of about 56 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the isolates were very similar and included C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 : 1 ω7c, summed feature 2 (comprising any combination of C12 : 0 aldehyde, an unknown fatty acid of equivalent chain length 10·928, C16 : 1 iso I and C14 : 0 3-OH) and summed feature 3 (C15 : 0 iso 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) as the major fatty acid components. On the basis of their phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic properties, the five novel strains can be assigned to the genus Alcaligenes as a novel species, for which the name Alcaligenes aquatilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 22996T (=CCUG 50924T).
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