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Objective: The study aimed at determining the antibacterial properties of composites containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) or titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and a fluoride-releasing composite against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and to evaluate the effect on shear bond strength (SBS) of nanoparticles-modified composites. Materials and Methods: An orthodontic composite was modified by adding 1% w/w Ag NPs or 1% w/w TiO2 NPs. Composite discs were prepared to evaluate the antibacterial properties of these modified composites against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, using three different antibacterial tests, namely: Disk agar diffusion test, Biofilm inhibition test and eluted component test. For evaluating the shear bond strength, 80 extracted premolars were collected and divided into four groups (n=20 each), which were bonded with stainless steel preadjusted Edgewise brackets, by using these modified composites. Their SBS was then compared with that of the control group, using a universal testing machine. Results: Composite discs containing nanoparticles and fluoride were capable of producing growth inhibition zones for all bacterial types. Results of the biofilm inhibition test showed that all the study groups inhibited the bacterial count, in comparison to the control group. A significant difference of SBS was observed between all groups. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of orthodontic composites modified with Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles was significant, compared with conventional and fluoride-containing composites. The control group showed the highest SBS, followed by fluoride, titanium, and silver groups, with statistically significant difference in mean SBS values among all groups.

Objective To evaluate the quantity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles released into the artificial salivary medium from orthodontic composite impregnated with 1% weight/weight (w/w) and 5% w/w titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) used for bonding metal brackets, thereby eventually comprehending the permissible levels. Materials and Method Eighty freshly extracted teeth for orthodontic treatment were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each and were bonded with brackets containing 1% w/w and 5% w/w composite containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles and placed in an artificial salivary medium. Quantification of 1% w/w and 5% w/w composite containing titanium nanoparticles was done using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy for 4 timely periods 24 h, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months. Results In the teeth that received 1% TiO2, the amount of titanium released was greatest in 2 months with no significant release at later intervals. In the second group that received 5%, there was a significant release of titanium at all intervals, with highest release at second month. On comparing the 2 concentrations at 4 different time intervals, the quantities were significantly greater in the 5% group at all time frames, thus implying a significant increase in titanium released with an increase in concentration from 1% to 5%. Conclusion Titanium release was higher in 5% w/w composite containing nanoparticles than 1% w/w composite containing nanoparticles, and 1% and 5% concentrations can be used safely and are within the permissible limits.

Introduction: The oral health needs of intellectually disabled are complex and may be related to underlying congenital or developmental anomalies as well as the inability to receive adequate personal and professional care to maintain. This research suggests that people with Intellectually Disability such as Mental retardation, are more likely to have poor oral hygiene, periodontal diseases and high incidence of trauma and possibly more likely to have caries than people without Intellectual disability. Aim: The study aims to assess the oral hygiene status and prevalence of malocclusion among special children in tribal population of Southern India. Materials and Methods: Mouth mirror, periodontal probe, straight explorer were used to examine the children. Results: The obtained data are subjected to chi-square test to compare between demographical variables. Statistical significance was fixed at p-value <0.001. Conclusion: We hereby conclude that the maintenance of oral hygiene is difficult among mentally disabled children due to their improper level of understanding. Therefore it is also essential to enlight or to bring awareness and knowledge among the parents, caregivers, about maintaining the proper oral hygiene status and preventive measures. Keywords: Mental Retardation, Malocclusion, Dental Caries, Periodontal Diseases, Treatment Intervention.

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