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Most previous investigations have only focused on the effect of export expansion on economic growth while ignoring the potential growth-enhancing contribution of imports. This article re-examines the relationship between trade and economic growth in Argentina, Colombia, and Peru with emphasis on both the role of exports and imports. Granger causality tests and impulse response functions were used to examine whether growth in trade stimulate economic growth (or vice versa). The results suggest that the singular focus of past studies on exports as the engine of growth may be misleading. Although there is some empirical evidence supporting export-led growth, the empirical support for import-led growth hypothesis is relatively stronger. In some cases, there is also evidence for reverse causality from gross domestic product growth to exports and imports.

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This paper revisits the debate on the role of agriculture in promoting economic growth in a selection of nine developing countries. We investigated the causal linkages between agriculture and gross domestic product growth with the aid of directed acyclic graphs, a recently developed algorithm of inductive causation. The results suggest that while agriculture could be an engine of economic growth, the impact varies across countries. In some cases, we found strong evidence in support of the agricultureled growth hypothesis. In contrast, the results for some other countries indicate that having a vibrant aggregate economy is a prerequisite for agricultural development.Le présent article réexamine le débat sur le rôle de l'agriculture dans la promotion de la croissancé economique de neuf pays en développement. Nous avonsétudié les liens de causalité entre l'agriculture et la croissance du PIBà l'aide de graphes acycliques orientés, un algorithme de causalité inductive récemment mis au point. Les résultats montrent que, même si l'agriculture peut constituer un engin de croissanceéconomique, son impact varie d'un paysà l'autre. Dans certains cas, nous avons obtenu des preuves solides qui appuient l'hypothèse selon laquelle la croissance est motivée par l'agriculture. En revanche, les résultats obtenus dans le cas d'autres pays indiquent qu'uneéconomie globale vigoureuse constitue une condition préalable au développement de l'agriculture.

Agricultural producer cooperatives are of great significance to the development of agricultural productivity and can provide improved economic welfare benefits to farmers. However, such organizations have not been well‐developed in China. While China's new Cooperatives Law of 2007 has generated interest among scholars, very few empirical analyses have focused on the role of cooperatives in China's agricultural sector. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of farmers' perception and their decision to participate in cooperatives, using a unique dataset from recently collected survey data of farming households in China's Jilin Province. The empirical results from probit and logit regression models suggest that educational attainment, risk comfort level, farm expansion, operational costs, geographic location and crop types are significant factors that influence producers' perception of cooperatives, as well as their participation behavior.

Empirical evidence linking exports to economic growth has been mixed and inconclusive. This study re-examines the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis for Canada by testing for Granger causality from exports to national output growth using vector error correction models (VECM) and the augmented vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology developed in Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Application of recent developments in time series modelling and the inclusion of relevant variables omitted in previous studies help to clarify the contradictory results from prior studies on the Canadian economy. The empirical results suggest that a long-run steady state exists among the model's six variables and that Granger causal flow is unidirectional from real exports to real GDP. JEL Classification: F43, C32Est-ce que l'hypothe`se de la croissance engendre´e par les exportations est valide pour le Canada? Les re´sultats empiriques des e´tudes tentant de montrer le lien entre les exportations et la croissance e´conomique sont mixtes et ne contiennent pas de re´sultats concluants. Cet article re´-examine l'hypothe`se dans le cas du Canada en testant la causalite´a`la Granger pour les exportations et la croissance du produit national, en utilisant les mode`les VECM et la me´thodologie VAR de´veloppe´s par Toda et Yamamoto (1995). L'application de certains de´veloppements re´cents dans l'analyse des se´ries chronologiques et l'inclusion de variables pertinentes omises dans les e´tudes ante´rieures aident a`mettre de l'ordre dans les re´sultats contradictoires des e´tudes ante´rieures portant sur l'e´conomie canadienne. Les re´sultats empiriques sugge`rent qu'un re´gime permanent existe entre les six variables du mode`le et que la causalite´a`la Granger est unidirectionnelle des exportations re´elles vers le PIB re´el.

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