A new tospovirus isolated from naturally infected tomato plants grown in Nakhon Pathom province (Thailand) was characterized. Infected plants showed symptoms consisting of necrotic spots, necrotic ringspots and stem necrosis. This virus was detected using general antibodies that could recognize watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV). However, it did not react with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WSMoV and CaCV or a specific MAb to MYSV. The complete nucleotide sequences of S and M RNAs of the virus were determined. They were 3,023 and 4,716 nucleotides in length, respectively, and contained two ORFs in an ambisense arrangement. Sequence analysis indicated that amino acid sequence of the N protein shared 58.2%, 56.0% and 51.8% identity with those of CaCV, WSMoV and MYSV, respectively. The virus was experimentally transmitted by Thrips palmi and Ceratothripoides claratris. Based on our results, we conclude that this tospovirus isolate should be considered a member of a new species. The name tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV) is proposed for this tospovirus.

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The insecticidal potential of Galleria mellonella densovirus (CmDNV) in third, fourth, and fifth instar larvae of the host, the greater wax moth, as a step toward the construction of a molecular vector for the introduction and expression of foreign genes in the larvae of these insects was studied. Third instar larvae are most susceptible to GmDNV. Viral RNA synthesis is more rapid in this stage and slowest in the fifth instar. Infection of prepupae by intradermic injection or by horizontal spread inhibited pupation. GmDNV D N A i s also infectious when introduced as a calcium phosphate precipitate.The two putative viral promoters were shown to be capable of driving the expression of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) i n DNA-injected larvae. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.