Different aspects of treatment for periodontal diseases or gingival problems require rigorous diagnostics. Magnification tools and microsurgical instruments, combined with minimally invasive techniques can provide the best solutions in such cases. Relevance of treatments, duration of healing, reduction of pain and post-operative scarring have the potential to be improved for patients through such techniques. This article presents an overview of the use of microscopy in periodontics, still in the early stages of development.

The different aspects of treatment of periodontal disease and mucogingival defects all require an accurate diagnosis in addition to good control and precision during therapeutic procedures. Magnification aids and microsurgery, combined with minimally invasive techniques, can best meet these requirements. The suitability of treatment, the healing time, pain levels and postoperative scarring are all improved and the patient benefits.

for giving me an opportunity to fulfill my dream. And finally, I would like to thank department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, especially Dr Gerald E. Denehy, an inspiring teacher and chairman, Dr Deborah S. Cobb, a great program director for giving me an opportunity to be part of this truly exceptional program. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………..vi LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………...vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .