Mite (Tetranychus urticae) that attacks the cassava plants during dry season can reduce the yield up to 53%, depending on plant age and duration of attacks. The objective of the trial was to evaluate the cassava promising clones for tuber root yield and mite resistance. The field trial was done in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, in 2018 with fifteen clones using a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The glass house experiment for mite evaluation was done in Malang in 2018. A total of fifteen clones were used in this glass house trial. Infestation of mite (imago) was done 1 month after plating with 15 mites/pot on the lower part of the fourth or fifth leaf. Results of the field experiment showed that there was a genetic variability in the clones tested. The fresh tuber yield in 10 months ranged 30.33–55.67 t/ha with mean 41.34 t/ha. The fresh tuber yield of clone OMM 0915-11 was the highest of 55.67 t/ha. The tuber result of clone UJ5d50-207-3 similar to OMM 0915-11 and significantly higher than check variety UJ5. Response of clones to mite attack were as follows: two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Based on the green house trial, the response of clones to mite attack was as follows: one clone was highly resistant, two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Clone OMM 0915-11 was resistant variety or high resistant variety based on the green house and field experiments, while clone UJ5d50-207-3 was moderately resistant based on both glass house and field experiments.
A ccording to FAOSTAT (2020), Indonesia is the 4 th biggest cassava producer in the world after Nigeria, Congo, and Thailand. Badan Pusat Statistik (2015) states that the national cassava production reached 21 801 415 t in 2015, with Lampung province as the largest contributor followed by Central Java, East Java, and West Java.Cassava propagation is by stem cutting for the commercial production, but for breeding programs, cassava propagation in the first cycle is by seeds. Fullsib and / or half-sib populations are the basic material in cassava breeding, which are then evaluated through phenotypic mass selection (Ceballos et al., 2015). One of the mating designs that had been widely used by cassava breeder to generate full-sib progeny for genetic studies is diallel analysis (Kulembeka et al.
Increasing the cassava-based industry requires a large and continuous supply of tubers. Tuber production is increased with planting high yielding varieties with high starch content. This study aimed to select cassava genotypes obtained from open pollination among parents showing high yield and starch content in the advanced yield trial (AYT) stage. The experiment was carried out at Muneng research station (Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia) using randomized complete block design with three replications and two planting seasons (2018 and 2019). The experiments used 24 cassava genotypes, including three varieties as a control (Adira 4, UJ 5, and Litbang UK 2). The cassava planted in 2018 was exposed to stress due to drought, while in 2019, the plants received optimal water availability. During the drought stress, the attack of red mite (Tetranycus sp) negatively correlated with tuber yield. In optimal water conditions, the symptoms of red mite attack are low. Based on the combined analysis of variance, genotype × growing season interaction affected plant height at six months, and at ten months for tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield. Among the clones tested, OMM 1207-22 produced the highest tubers yield with an average of 47.5 t·ha-1 in the two growing seasons, with the starch yield, was equivalent to 8.89 t·ha-1, significantly higher compared with the Litbang UK 2 variety (average tubers yield 41.5 t·ha-1, starch yield 7.40 t·ha-1,). Also, 13 genotypes produced starch ranging from 6.49 t·ha-1 to 8.33 t·ha-1.
A varietal testing had been undertaken in Pematangsiantar regency, North Sumatra province, Indonesia in 2015-2016. The objective of the study was to determine the preference of cassava growers to the introduced varieties compared to the existing cassava varieties. Twelve cassava varities (UB1/2, UB1472, Adira1, Malang4, Cecekijo, Farsem, Gajah, Ketan Jabung, Caspro, Malaysia, Adira4, and Cikaret) were tested using a Randomized Block Design with four replications. The data were taken on aboveground characters and underground characters such as root number, root diameter, root length, root weight, and starch content based on factory criteria (A = 22%, B = 18%, C = 14% and D = 10% starch content). Results of the study indicated that Malang-4 had the highest root yield (49,830 kg ha-1) followed by Farsem variety (41,690 kg ha-1), and Malaysia Local variety (41,030 kg ha-1). The bitter taste of Malang 4 was an appropriate character to be developed as starch processing of cassava. Starch content is very important indigenous criteria for farmers and traders to know fairly about pricing in relation with starch content. The higher starch content coincided with higher root yield of Malang-4 is very interesting and will benefit the factory. There was no difference in factory price of cassava from farmers, although the starch content indicated different levels (B =18%, C=14% or D =10%). The Malang-4 could be introduced to the local goverment for being grown in a larger areas in the North Sumatera province.
Background: Saline land can be used to increase soybean planting area. Adaptive varieties is one of technology to utilize saline land for soybeans. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotype and genotype performance of the F3 generation soybean lines in saline soil of Indonesia. Methods: A total 247 soybean genotypes, including four check varieties, were planted in augmented design in 2018. The field electrical conductivity (EC) value before planting soybean was 10.4 dS/m and soil acidity was 8.1 which was classified as high saline land based on Jones (2002). Result: The number of selected plants were 172 single plants. GH K13/Anjasmoro lines has an opportunity to further selection. Average height of GH K13/Anjasmoro selected lines was 26.4 cm, number of fertile nodes was 11, number of filled pods was 27 and seeds weight per plant was 4.8 g. GH K13/Anjasmoro lines has a high broad sense heritability for plant height, number of branches and number of filled pods, also high genetic advance for all characters.
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