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Traditional energy from fossil fuels like petroleum and coal is limited and contributes to global environmental pollution and climate change. Developing sustainable and eco‐friendly energy is crucial for addressing significant challenges such as climate change, energy dilemma and achieving the long‐term development of human society. Biomass hydrogels, which are easily synthesized and modified, have diverse sources and can be designed for different applications. They are being extensively researched for their applications in artificial intelligence, flexible sensing, biomedicine, and food packaging. The article summarizes recent advances in the preparation and applications of biomass‐based photothermal conversion hydrogels, discussing the light source, photothermal agents, matrix, and preparation methods in detail. It also explores the use of these hydrogels in seawater desalination, photothermal therapy, antibacterial agents, and light‐activated materials, offering new ideas for developing sustainable, efficient, and advanced photothermal conversion biomass hydrogel materials. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, highlighting the challenges and prospects in this field and paving the way for developing of long‐lasting, efficient energy materials.

This work investigates the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on hydrogen ad/desorption when formed nanocomposites with magnesium. It is found that CNTs significantly enhanced both the hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics, owing to the atomic interaction of C-Mg, residual of tubular structure of CNTs and dispersive effect of carbon in ball milling process. By first principles calculations, C-Mg interaction forms a channel for hydrogen atoms to transport into Mg structure. Tubular CNTs allow hydrogen to easily move within Mg matrix. Additives of carbon improve the ball milling effect to produce much finer Mg grains that enable the fast hydrogenation and increase the fraction of Mg hydrides, e.g. increase the capacity.