IMPORTANCEIn the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has not yet been controlled. With the exception of ART, there is no beneficial pharmacologic treatment. However, some studies have reported that computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs may improve cognitive function among people living with HIV. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between CCT programs and 8 domains measuring cognitive function (7 domains) and daily function (1 domain) among people living with HIV.

Background: The use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in reducing HIV risk, but it is underused by men who have sex with men (MSM) due to certain psychological and sociostructural factors. This article assessed the awareness and use of PEP among MSM in an effort to increase the visibility and uptake of PEP among at-risk populations.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Studies were screened for inclusion, and relevant data were abstracted, assessed for bias, and synthesized. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random effects meta-analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analysis, and a qualitative review and risk of bias assessment were performed (PROSPERO, CRD42019123815).Results: Twenty eligible studies involving 12,579 MSM were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the proportions of MSM who were aware of PEP was modest at 59.9% (95% CI: 50.5~68.7) and that of MSM who previously used PEP was very low at 4.9% (95% CI: 2.4~9.8). PEP awareness showed no clear change over time, while PEP use significantly changed over time. Multiple factors affected awareness, including educational attainment, race/ethnicity, levels of HIV stigma, access to condoms, and so on. Many factors could potentially impede or facilitate the use of PEP, such as income, lack of PEP information, and partnership.Conclusion: We observed that PEP is an underused HIV prevention strategy among MSM and that once MSM become aware of PEP, the majority are willing to use it if they are supported appropriately in terms of a range of individual, social, and structural barriers.Systematic Review Registration: http://www.cdr.york.ac.uk/prospero, PROSPERO [CRD42019123815].

With the wide use of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV (PLWH), the mortality and morbidity rates among this community are dramatically decreasing. However, sleep disorder is still one of the prominent health issues among PLWH, and it lowers their quality of life. Although we already know the potential biological pathway that links poor sleep quality among PLWH, the potential contribution of the psychosocial pathway (e.g., stigma) is far from understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential serial mediating effects (HIV stigma-loneliness-depression-sleep quality) and potential moderating effects of perceived social support. We recruited a consecutive sample of 139 participants from voluntary counseling testing (VCT) clinics of Beijing Youan Hospital and participant referrals. Then, we used serial mediation models and moderated serial mediation models to fit our data. We found significant serial mediation effects between three types of HIV stigma (enacted, anticipated, and internalized) and sleep quality via depression and loneliness. Perceived social support also significantly moderated this serial mediation between enacted stigma, internalized stigma, and sleep quality. Our results highlight the potential role of perceived social support in moderating the negative effects of enacted and internalized stigma on sleep quality and identify potential psychosocial pathways.

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and their interactions with B cells within the germinal center play extensive roles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathology. However, their association with immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Tfh and memory B cell function on T helper cell recovery in patients with acute or chronic HIV infection. A total of 100 HIV-infected individuals were enrolled in our study, classified into acute and chronic HIV infection groups (60 and 40, respectively), and subsequently classified into immunological responder (IR) and immunological nonresponder (INR) subgroups according to immune recovery outcomes after 96 weeks of ART. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the temporal regulation patterns of B and CD4 + T-cell profiles among patients, and flow cytometry was used to investigate certain subsets of B and T cells. Here we showed that the prevalence of Tfh cells in the T helper cell population correlated negatively with CD4 + T-cell recovery. The proportion of CXCR3 − Tfh cells in patients with acute or chronic infection was associated with CD4 + T-cell count recovery, and the proportion of CD21 + memory B cells at baseline was significantly higher in those with improved immune recovery outcomes. Universal proteomic dysregulation of B and CD4 + T cells at baseline was detected in patients with acute infected and poor CD4 + T-cell recovery. Proteomics analysis revealed distinct temporal regulation profiles of both T helper cells and B cells between IRs and INRs among patients with

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Background: It is controversial whether the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele ( APOE ε4 ) is a risk gene for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related neurocognitive impairment. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence of the associations between APOE ε4 and cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: Our study conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and ProQuest for studies published before April 11, 2022 that evaluated associations between APOE ε4 and cognitive impairment in adult PLWH (aged ≥18 years). We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) of global cognitive impairment and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for specific cognitive domains between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Subgroup meta-analyses were used to evaluate the result profiles across different categorical variables. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, including 19 that evaluated global cognitive impairment. APOE ε4 was significantly associated with global cognitive impairment in PLWH (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.78], number of estimates [ k ] = 19, P = 0.02, random effects). Subgroup meta-analysis based percentage of females showed evident intergroup differences in global cognitive performance between ε4 carriers and non-carriers ( P = 0.015). APOE ε4 carriers had lower cognitive test scores than non-carriers in all seven cognitive domains, including fluency (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = [−0.76, −0.25], P < 0.001, k = 4, I 2 = 0%), learning (SMD = −0.52, 95% CI = [−0.75, −0.28], P < 0.001, k = 5, I 2 = 0%), executive function (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI = [−0.59, −0.23], P < 0.001, k = 8, I 2 = 0%), memory (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI = [−0.61, −0.20], P < 0.001, k = 10, I 2 = 36%), attention/working memory (SMD = −0.34, 95% CI = [−0.54, −0.14], P = 0.001, k = 6, I 2 = 0%), speed of information processing (SMD = −0.34, 95% CI = [−0.53, −0.16], P < 0.001, k = 8, I 2 = 0%), and motor function (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI = [−0.38, −0.01], P = 0.04, k = 7, I 2 ...