Dual-functional air filter paper with addition of Zr(OH)4 was prepared by an intra-pulp addition method, whose filtration performance is maintained while the decontamination performance is added for HD and VX.
Using zirconium hydroxide as a decontaminant, a kind of self-decontaminating air filter paper that can effectively degrade HD was successfully prepared by impregnating. The morphology and filtration efficiency of the filter paper before and after immersing were compared. The filtration efficiency increased linearly and slowly, with the regression equation: η=0.0001L+99.971. The liquid-solid decontamination reaction of HD on zirconium hydroxide powder and self-decontaminating filter paper conformed to the kinetic of quasi-first-order reaction and found that half-lives were 0.4 h and 2.1 h respectively. Good degradation performance for HD was exhibited and the degradation rate reached more than 99 % in 12 hours. Reaction products were analysed by GC-MS, which displayed that HD was decomposed through the substitution of chlorine and the elimination of H on α-C. The ultimate decontamination products were thiodiglycol and 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl sulfide without erosive toxicity.
Occurrence of large-scale biochemical wars is of little possibility today, but the international chemical security situation is still not optimistic. Effective decontamination of chemical warfare agents has received close attention, becoming a global necessity. In this paper, data in the Web of Science Core Collection database were selected to systematically investigate the relevant literature about the research progress on decontamination of chemical warfare agents from 1990 to 2020. Origin Pro 2019b and CiteSpace were conducted for multi-dimensional bibliometric analysis on literature type distribution, number of annual publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, literature co-citation and citation bursts. By August 1, 2020, there are 2,602 papers related have been published and the number of annual publications shows a linear growth tendency. Amongst all 71 countries, United States is the country with the most publications as well as the largest centrality value. US ARMY ranks fourth in the number of publications while with the highest institution-based cooperation. “Nerve agents and blister agents”, “metal-organic frameworks” and “applications of metal-organic frameworks” are prevailing in recent years, which highlights the latest development direction and research frontiers. This article promotes scientific predictions and impact assessments of decontamination of chemical warfare agents.
Automobile exhaust is one of the sources of PM2.5, which can merely be catalytically decomposed by a "post-treatment" three-way catalytic device at present. Afront-treatment device based on rare earth-alumina nanocomposite in gasoline was innovatively introduced. nanoalumina and rare earth elements are function as the backbone and carrier, respectively. Microscopic molecular assembly and catalytic mechanism were studied to synthesize metastable ordered mesoporous with high degree of aggregation. Mesh filter of rare earth-alumina nanocatalytic composite with self-sustained release function is formed by sintering, which can be solidified in an automotive air intake system. Results show that rare earth-aluminum nanocomposite contributes to catalytic combustion and makes combustion more complete. Moreover, it has a better effect of reducing PM2.5 than a "post-treatment" device in terms of catalytic effect.
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